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Horse Health Alerts

This is a page of recent horse health alerts.  They are typically reports of diseases that have been found in horses in different states.  There are also other horse health related topics.

 
Nationwide:

To Washington Equine owners and veterinarians:

The National Cutting Horse Association has notified members attending the Western National Championships in Ogden, Utah on April 30-May 8, 20ll of possible exposure to severe neurologic form of Equine Herpes Virus (EHV-1). Confirmed and suspected cases have been found in Utah, Colorado, Idaho, Washington, and other states. Washington horses which traveled to this event, or are stabled with horses that traveled to this event may have been exposed to this severe strain of EHV-1.

Owners of horses who participate in the Ogden, Utah event should notify their veterinarian and isolate and monitor their horses for clinical signs of disease. Individual horse and barn biosecurity should be implemented immediately. This virus is easily spread by aerosol (airborne) transmission, horse-to-horse contact with nasal secretions on equipment, tack, feed and other surfaces. People can spread the virus by means of contaminated hands, clothing, shoes, and vehicles.

Since rectal temperature above 102 usually precedes other clinical signs, it is recommended that temperatures of individual horses be taken twice a day. If a temperature above 102F is detected in a horse that attended this event, owners, trainers and veterinarians should institute and enforce a “no movement” policy for your premises or facility to help stop the spread of this virus. No outside horses should be allowed on to the premises and all resident equines should not travel off the premises for 28 days after the last fever or case of EHV-1 is identified. Visitors and service people should be limited to only what is absolutely necessary.

The EHV-1 organism spreads quickly and the neurologic form of the virus can reach high morbidity (sick) and mortality (death) rates. The incubation period (time of exposure to illness) of EHV-1 is typically 2-14 days. Horses with severe clinical signs of neurological EHV-1 have large viral loads in their blood and nasal secretions, may shed virus for as long as 28 days if they survive, and are thought to present the greatest danger for spreading the disease.

Clinical signs may include nasal discharge, in-coordination, hind-end weakness, recumbency, lethargy, urine dribbling and diminished tail tone. There is no specific treatment for EHV-1. Treatment may include intravenous fluids, anti-inflammatory and anti-viral drugs and other appropriate supportive treatment. Currently, there is no equine vaccine that has a label claim for protection against the neurological strain of the virus. Laboratory submission of nasal swabs and blood samples collected form horses suspected to be affected can be utilized for virus detection and isolation.

IMMEDIATE SEPERATION AND ISOLATION OF SUSPECTED CASES AND IMPELMENTATION OF APPROPRIATE BIOSECURITY MEASURES ARE KEY ELEMENTS FOR DISEASE CONTROL.

The disease is not transmittable to humans

EHV-1 is a Notifiable Disease to the Washington State Veterinarian’s office. Any person with confirmation of a case of EHV-1 should call 360-902 1881, 360-902-1835, or 360-902-1878 to report the disease and please leave a message with contact information.

Leonard Eldridge, DVM

State Veterinarian

Washington State Department of Agriculture

360-902-1881

Update:

More info on the Equine Herpes Outbreak:

http://www.thehorse.com//ViewArticle.aspx?ID=18257&eID=331525

Even more info:

Cross-posting from facebook.

Deadly Equine Virus - All Horse People Please Read

by One Horse At A Time, Inc. on Monday, May 16, 2011 at 8:34pm

DEADLY EQUINE VIRUS - ALL HORSE PEOPLE PLEASE READ

There has been an outbreak of a horrid equine disease: Rhino EHV-1 (Equine Herpesvirus).  This is a mutant strain of the neurological variation of Rhino, there is no vaccine for it, and it is lethal.

There are multiple confirmed deaths due to EHV in Arizona, California, Utah, Colorado, Canada, Idaho, and unfortunately, is spreading like you cannot believe.  It is believed that a horse with the virus attended the NCHA Western National Championship cutting in Ogden, UT and has caused a massive cross contamination. 

All the horses that are dead or are being treated were vaccinated for Rhino, it doesn’t matter, this strain does not respond to any vaccine.  The first death was a Canadian cutting horse that attended the Ogden show, there have been more in Weld County Colorado, there is a barrel racing stable in Colorado that has a confirmed case, which shows that it is rapidly and easily spreading through different disciplines and through many venues -

CSU is now full and most Vets are not accepting Rhino horses, and have considered worldwide experts in this matter.  This is considered an emerging disease. It is behaving in an extreme manor.  A similar outbreak occurred before, and at CSU, despite the fact the school runs one of the nation's top veterinary biosecurity programs, the EHV virus spread to over 20 equine patients on the premises, and spread out of control.  

The EHV-1 organism spreads quickly from horse to horse and the neurologic form of the virus can reach high morbidity and mortality rates. The incubation period of EHV-1 is typically 2-10 days, but there has been a case of a horse showing symptoms as many as 12 days after contamination. In horses infected with the neurologic strain of EHV-1, clinical signs may include: nasal discharge, discoordination, hind end weakness, recumbency, lethargy, urine dribbling and diminished tail tone. Prognosis depends on severity of signs and the period of recumbency.

There is no specific treatment for EHV-1. Treatment of symptoms may include intravenous fluids, anti-inflammatory drugs and other appropriate supportive treatment. Currently, there is no equine vaccine that has a label claim for protection against the neurological strain of the virus.   Horse-to-horse contact, aerosol transmission, and contaminated hands, equipment, tack, and feed all play a role in disease spread.   

They cannot stress enough about the cross contamination, this deadly virus can be on anything - your steering wheel in your truck, door handles, trailer latches, your purse, your hat, sunglasses, cell phone, pop or food wrapper, bucket, feed pan, hay bag, rubber bands, brushes, tack, boots, clothing, ANYTHING you touch or rub against could have the virus on it!

PLEASE monitor your horses, the first symptom of this disease is a spike in temperature of 102 degrees.  Horses with severe clinical signs of neurological EHV-1 illness are thought to have large viral loads in their blood and nasal secretions and therefore, present the greatest danger for spreading the disease. Immediate separation and isolation of identified suspect cases and implementation of appropriate biosecurity measures are key elements for disease control.  

This is a serious matter that demands immediate attention, becoming aware and knowledge about this detrimental outbreak is a necessity – and we ALL, as equine owners, trainers, and event producers MUST do our part to STOP the spread of this horrible mutant and deadly virus.  Serious thought needs to be made on hosting events within infected states and their bordering neighbors.

Many national level events that are scheduled within the next month have been CANCELLED to STOP THE SPREAD of this disease. This information is taken from very reliable sources, here are a couple articles you can read for yourself below.  We will be hearing a lot more about this, please stay alert to the latest information.  http://www.nchacutting.com/ag/shows/pdf/cda_20110513.pdf

By: Top Hatt Equine Center

More info from AZ:

http://www.kpho.com/news/27930450/detail.html

More info:

State veterinarian cautions horse owners about EHV-1 outbreak Date: 2011-05-18, 7:03AM 

State veterinarian cautions horse owners about EHV-1 outbreak

OLYMPIA — A Washington horse that attended the National Cutting Horse Association event in Ogden, Utah from April 30 to May 8 has tested positive for a highly contagious animal disease, Equine Herpes Virus 1 (EHV-1). Several confirmed cases in horses with severe symptoms have been found in Utah, Colorado and elsewhere. 

“While I have not yet placed any restrictions on the movement of animals, I strongly suggest that horse owners isolate animals that attended the Western National Championships in Ogden, Utah,” said State Veterinarian Leonard Eldridge.

“For the protection of other horses, these owners are advised to keep their animals home for a couple of weeks.” 

The disease poses no threat to people, but symptoms in horses can include fever, sneezing, slobbering and other mild symptoms. Serious cases of the disease are rare, but can include staggering, hind-end paralysis and even death of the horse.

A horse that attended the Ogden show was treated at the Washington State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital in Pullman and was confirmed over the weekend to be positive for EHV-1. Blood samples from several other Washington horses that attended the Utah event are currently being tested at WSU’s Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory.  

The disease is spread from horse to horse through direct contact, on feed, tack and equipment, or on the clothes and hands of horse owners. While there is no human public health threat associated with the disease, horse owners should carefully wash their hands and equipment to prevent the spread of the virus. 

The time of exposure to illness of EHV-1 is typically two to 14 days. Horse owners attending the Ogden show should consider limiting the movement of their horses and isolate them from other horses to prevent further spread of the virus. 

Horses that show any symptoms of EHV-1 should be seen by a veterinarian. Positive cases of EHV-1 must be reported to the State Veterinarian’s Office at (360) 902-1881.  

More information on the virus can be found at http://www.aaep.org/ehv.htm.

Update (6/1/2011):

EHV-1 Outbreak: New Cases, New USDA Report Released

http://www.thehorse.com/ViewArticle.aspx?ID=18315

“Additionally, the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service released an updated situation report yesterday, which can be viewed online (http://www.aphis.usda.gov/vs/nahss/equine/ehv/ehv_2011_sitrep_052611.pdf).”

More info:

EHV-1 and EHM horse and premises exposures

Posted by: "Mike Dodge" rescue@rochester.rr.com   horserescue1

Wed Jun 1, 2011 5:29 am (PDT)
This report is as of 5/26/2011. Check your state for exposure. We have none in NY yet but there is in MN and IL.
This is from the USDA and AAEP.
http://www.aphis.usda.gov/vs/nahss/equine/ehv/ehv_2011_sitrep_052611.pdf
Please crosspost. Don’t forget about the biosecurity measures.
Mike Dodge
President and Co-Founder
H.O.R.S.E. Rescue & Sanctuary
http://www.hrsny.org

 

Cisplatin Beads to cure Squamous Cell Carcinoma in horses. A happy ending for Aponi!

http://horseandman.com/medical/cisplatin-beads-to-cure-squamous-cell-carcinoma-in-horses-a-happy-ending-for-aponi/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+Horseandmancom+%28horseandman.com%29

Posted: 27 Dec 2010 02:00 AM PST

I don’t have a light colored horse, so this type of skin cancer wasn’t even on my radar… I mean, I’d heard of it, but really didn’t take note because I thought it was rare.  It isn’t…

Squamous cell carcinoma came to my attention via my wonderful vet who has battled Tess’s canker cure, Aladdin’s rare disease, Norma’s severe laminitis/abscesses — and several other equine maladies — with me.  We were sitting in the barn observing Norma and chatting.  He said, “Y’know, I think I have a really great story for your blog…”

I get excited when THE VET says he has a great story… I know it is going to be good!  So, with excitement, I urged him on.

“OK, well, there is this really sweet, totally blind Appy mare that we know.  And…”

APONI’S STORY

Aponi is an 18 year old, totally blind Appy mare who was rescued 6 years ago by her devoted new owner, Veronica.  This mare was so sweet and so congenial, Veronica couldn’t help but take her in.  At that time, Aponi still had sight in one eye.  However, within two years, she lost sight in the other eye.  According to Veronica, Aponi is still the same happy mare.  She uses her nose and ears quite well and with the aid of her pasturemate Annie, Aponi didn’t miss a beat.  From all accounts, (including my vet and his tech) Aponi is just about the sweetest and most affable mare in the county.

Beautiful and blind, Aponi

BUT ONE DAY

This is the stuff that makes your scoobydar peak…  You notice something and you figure it is nothing but you call the vet out anyway.  When the vet arrives he cocks his head and says, “Hmmmmmmm”.

Ugh.  We’ve all been there.

“Wha?  Isn’t it just a little thing?”

No, it isn’t.

Here is the way Veronica told the story:

I originally had my vet out to check her in July for what I thought at the time was an abrasion/laceration from rubbing on the fence and/or trees that had gotten infected.  There was a thumb sized opening near the left side of her vulva and she’s such a butt scratcher that I assumed that must have been the cause.

However, when my vet came out to check her, the opening was actually deeper and larger than it had appeared.  When he examined the inside of the opening the tissue felt odd so he took a sample and sent it to the lab for testing.  When the test results came back, the diagnosis was cancer (squamous cell carcinoma.)  My vet indicated that due to advanced stage of the cancer, he was not sure that I had a lot of options other than trying to make her comfortable and he did offer to assist with what ever I needed.  However, he recommended that I check with UC Davis or other nearby Vet Hospitals to see if they thought it might be treatable.

The problem...

BUT SHE’S BLIND AND SHE CANNOT TRAILER

And then the thoughts that make owners bang their head against the wall…

“If you could get her to the Specialists…”

But she doesn’t trailer!  Arrgh.  What to do?!  Exasperation.

Here is how Veronica explained it:

The problem with taking her somewhere like UC Davis to be examined was that I had not trailered her since she lost her sight and wasn’t sure how well she would do.  She was blind in one eye when I adopted her six years ago, and had lost her sight completely in her other eye a couple of years later.  She has adjusted well to her lack of vision and gets around in her pasture using her nose and ears and her pasture mate, but I didn’t want to traumatize her by taking her away from her home if I could avoid it.

Up to this point, I wasn’t sure what to do. I wanted to do right by this 18 year old blind Appaloosa mare that I loved to pieces, but I wasn’t sure how I was going to make that happen.  About this time, she was due for her regular trimming from the farrier. When he came to see her, he noticed the S.W.A.T that I had applied around the affected area and asked what was wrong.  When I explained her situation, he almost cried.  I was not the only one that had a soft spot for this mare. After we spoke a bit more, he told me that I should contact Mario Dinucci and have him come out and do an exam.  He said that Mario had worked with some of his other clients in similar situations and that he might be able to help me as well.

IN COMES MARIO, MY VET

So, as Mario was relating this story, he filled in the medical blanks for me.  He said that these tumors grow rapidly and are nasty.  As a vet, he runs the risk of removing the tumor and in that process “angering it” (his words).  The tumor could come back with a vengeance.  But, sometimes tumors are removed and they don’t reappear.

This particular tumore was deep and large and scary.

But the mare was so nice…  Mario said that he decided that he wanted to try a new procedure on this sweet mare — as long as the owner understood the risks and agreed.

THE TREATMENT

Mario said that he read that Cisplatin beads had worked in a clinical trial of several horses, donkeys, and a zebra.  Cisplatin beads are tiny beads that contain the cancer medicine, Cisplatin.  The idea is that these beads can be placed exactly in the hot area and do their work with minimal intrusion upon the rest of the animal.  These concentrated measures of medicine are fixed and don’t spread around the rest of the body as Cisplatin liquid can when used orally.  So, less stress on the animal and more directed intervention.

The HOPE, Cisplatin Beads

CISPLATIN BEADS

I found this article that gives a bird’s eye view on the beads.

Click to enlarge

THE STUDY

There are several articles written on Cisplatin beads. However, I wanted to show you the study so you could read about it from a clinical standpoint:

At the Marion duPont Scott Equine Medical Center in Leesburg, Va., 40 of 48 horses (83%) treated with this approach were relapse-free two years later. Hewes reported the following success rates from an article published in the Nov. 15, 2006, issue of the Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association:

Use of cisplatin-containing biodegradable beads for treatment of cutaneous neoplasia in equidae: 59 cases (2000–2004)

Christina A. Hewes, DVM, Kenneth E. Sullins, DVM, MS, DACVS
Marion DuPont Scott Equine Medical Center, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Leesburg, VA 20177. (Hewes, Sullins)
Dr. Hewes’ present address is Peninsula Equine, PO Box 7297, Menlo Park, CA 94028.
The authors thank Lea Ann Hansen of the Virginia Commonwealth University School of Pharmacy for technical assistance.
Address correspondence to Dr. Hewes.
Objective—To determine outcome for equids with cutaneous neoplasms treated with cisplatin-containing biodegradable beads, alone or in conjunction with debulking.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—56 horses, 1 zebra, 1 donkey, and 1 mule.
Procedures—Medical records were reviewed. Follow-up information was obtained through telephone conversations with owners and trainers of the animals.
Results—22 tumors were sarcoids, 6 were fibrosarcomas, 1 was a fibroma, 2 were peripheral nerve sheath tumors, 11 were squamous cell carcinomas, 14 were melanomas (13 gray horses and 1 bay horse), 1 was a lymphosarcoma, 1 was an adenocarcinoma, and 1 was a basal cell tumor. Forty-five (76%) animals underwent conventional or laser debulking of the tumor prior to bead implantation. Forty of 48 (83%) animals for which long-term follow-up information was available were relapse free 2 years after treatment. This included 20 of 22 animals with spindle cell tumors (including 11/13 horses with sarcoids), 6 of 10 animals with squamous cell carcinomas, 13 of 14 animals with melanomas, and 2 of 3 animals with other tumor types. Adverse effects were minimal.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that implantation of cisplatin-containing biodegradable beads, with or without tumor debulking, may be an effective treatment for equidae with various cutaneous neoplasms.

• 91% (20/22) of cases with spindle cell tumors (sarcoids and fibrosarcomas) were relapse-free after two years. Three cases with regrowth at one, two, and three years resolved after one additional treatment.

• Squamous cell carcinomas had the greatest tendency to recur (60% success rate), likely due to the duration of these cases and the increased metastatic (spreading) potential of this tumor type.

• 93% (13/14) of melanoma cases were relapse-free after two years, including all affected gray horses. The one failure was a bay horse with malignant melanoma.

• The sole cases of basal cell sarcoma and adenocarcinoma were relapse-free after two years.

• One horse with lymphosarcoma showed metastasis after nine months.

• Flat sarcoids don’t respond well to this treatment; growth stops, but the tumor doesn’t regress.

Complications included swelling, erythema (capillary congestion), wound drainage, subtle scarring, and a corneal ulcer requiring eye removal in one horse (following treatment of an upper eyelid tumor).

“Cisplatin beads are a simple and effective cutaneous (skin) neoplasia treatment,” Hewes concluded. The beads are affordable for the average horse owner and are sold in three-packs.

HOW VERONICA SAW THE OPTION OF SURGERY

As an owner, we have to make difficult decisions… Here is what Veronica said:

I contacted Sierra Equine that same day and requested a ranch call.  Mario came out the following week and conducted the exam and commented on Aponi’s good nature about the whole thing.  I told him that was why I adopted her in the first place.  After he finished the exam he told me that he couldn’t guarantee the cancer would be cured, but he did think that Aponi was a good candidate for the procedure and cisplatin beads and most importantly that he could do the procedure on site.

He provided me with worst and best case scenarios where the worst case would be to perform the procedure and cancer would come back but at least her quality of life would improve greatly while she was still around to enjoy it and of course the best case scenario where the cancer is cured completely.

MARIO’S TAKE ON THE SURGERY

Mario was very excited and nervous to do the surgery.  Clinically, he wanted to find something that worked, of course.  But, he was also frightened that he might exacerbate the problem and contribute to the decline of this lovely mare.

Bottom line, she was such a good mare, Mario felt that he could perform the surgery in the field and it was worth it.

He said that he only used local anesthetic and the mare was a dream…  The tumor was even larger than he thought and very deep.  Getting it all was a challenge.  As he went along, he inserted the tiny beads and stitched them in place.  5 in all.  He sewed it all up and prayed a bit.

THE RESULT

Mario was so enthusiastic about this because it worked (so far so good) and also because he really felt a pang of “gotta fix her” for this very sweet, blind mare.  it has been almost 5 months now and there is no regrowth.  Mario felt that there would be regrowth by now if he had aggravated the tumor or hadn’t removed it all.

Mario smiled and said that the mare helped him do his job because she was such a good girl throughout the entire ordeal…

His tech nodded her head in agreement, “She is an awesome mare!”

Here is Veronica’s conclusion:

As of today, it has been almost 4 months since her surgery and she seems to be doing great.  In fact, I rode her recently for the first time since the cancer was discovered and we both enjoyed it tremendously.  That would not have been possible without Mario and Sierra Equine’s innovative approach.

4 months later... still gone!

Up close...

A HAPPY ENDING

So, a happy ending for this mare!  Please pass this onward to any owners of light colored horses!

A happy ending! A cancer-free Aponi receives some lovin'!

MARIO AT SIERRA EQUINE

If you want to learn more about Mario Dinucci and Sierra Equine, please see the Sierra Equine FaceBook Page or go to the Sierra Equine website.

DOGS AND CATS

The beads are just starting being used for small animals with squamous cell carcinoma.  They are also being used to help with bone cancer.  Evidently, in some cases, no amputation has to occur after using these beads.  Good to know.  I’ve attached a story:

Apparently, there has been a large study in California; 80-100 small animals (mostly dogs, cats) that have received the treatment with tumor removal. They have had a 90-95 percent success rate, with only one case of tumor regrowth. In general, these are results that are typically not seen in clinical trials, so with that said, it is a very viable option.
While the Cisplatin is a very potent anti-tumor drug, the delivery system places it right on the tumor site and thus requires a fraction of the medication that would be given through more traditional methods (by mouth or through injection).
To put it in perspective, if every bead released every drop of medication at once, it would be less than *one* oral/intravenous dose of cisplatin previously used in treatment for animals. The rel
Last summer, our friend Jami told us about about “cisplatin biodegradeable beads,” an experimental type of chemotherapy treatment being tested in dogs with bone cancer, who are undergoing limb-sparing procedures instead of amputation.
These biodegradeable beads are being implanted at the time of the limb-sparing surgery, with the goal of preventing tumor regrowth in the leg, through a gradual release of cisplatin, a chemotherapy drug. This type of treatment can possibly reduce the recurrence of tumors in dogs who have had limb-sparing surgery instead of an amputation.

 

EEE: Horses in Ohio and New York Euthanized


Read more here:  http://www.thehorse.com/ViewArticle.aspx?ID=17087

 

Cornell University Offers Test for Lavender Foal Syndrome

Posted by: "Marge" redmm97@cox.net   redmm97

Tue Sep 14, 2010 3:15 pm (PDT)
Cornell University Offers Test for Lavender Foal Syndrome
by: Stacey Oke, DVM, MSc
September 14 2010, Article # 16939
This year has been an exciting one for Arabian horse owners. Not only has the genetic mutation for lavender foal syndrome (LFS) been determined, a test that can identify affected foals and horses that carry the gene for the disease has been developed.
Lavender foal syndrome is a heritable and fatal neurologic disease that is primarily found in Egyptian Arabians. Affected foals have a characteristic soft lavender, pale pink, or silvery coat color.
Even though LFS is not particularly common, it is important because carriers appear normal, and 100% of affected foals either die or are euthanized shortly after birth.
Based on research performed by Samantha Brooks, PhD, an assistant professor in the Department of Animal Science at Cornell University, and colleagues, a mutation in a particular region of the gene called myosin Va (MYO5A) is responsible for LFS.
"Approximately 10% of the Egyptian Arabian population carries the mutation," explained Brooks. "If two carriers are bred, there is a chance the foal will have LFS. This condition is passed on via a recessive inheritance pattern, which means that there is a 25% chance that a foal will have LFS if two carriers are bred."
The LFS syndrome test identifies the mutant gene in DNA extracted from either hair roots or whole blood.
According to Brooks, the first step of the test uses a technique called polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify the affected region of the MYO5A gene, where the mutation is. The second step detects the mutation (if present) in the amplified genetic material using a special protein called a restriction enzyme.
"As long as enough DNA is supplied, the test is very sensitive and completely specific," said Brooks, which means few false positive or negative test results should occur.
Brooks added, "Since all identified Lavender foals have had this same mutation, this test particularly benefits breeders seeking to eliminate the possibility of producing a lavender foal, but is also useful to those seeking to buy or sell an Arabian horse for potential breeding use."
The LFS test is offered through Cornell University's Animal Health Diagnostic Center and costs $47.00 USD. According to the Diagnostic Center customers residing outside of the United States might require a permit to send a blood sample, and blood samples are not accepted from all countries. No permit is required for hair root samples.
For more information contact Lisa Bowen-Laue at 607/253-3938.

 

Fatal cases of Equine Encephalitis and West Nile viruses increasing

September 7th, 2010 2:34 pm ET

Pfizer Animal Health and the American Association of Equine Practitioners (AAEP) are encouraging all horse owners to follow the suggested guidelines for vaccinations against mosquito-borne diseases.

Eastern Equine Encephalitis used to be confined to mainly the south and southeastern portions of the United States, but there are now reports in northern areas including Michigan, Massachusetts, and Maine. In addition a horse was recently diagnosed in Kentucky as well as California. The American Association of Equine Practitioners consider Eastern Equine Encephalitis, Western Equine Encephalitis, and West Nile vaccinations to be standard practices along with rabies and tetanus. Vaccinations should be given in early spring and boosters given every five to six months.

Read more here:  http://www.examiner.com/pet-rescue-in-national/fatal-cases-of-equine-encephalitis-and-west-nile-viruses-increasing

 

How to Make A Portable First-Aid Kit


Every horse owner should have an equine first-aid kit in their barn and trailer. There are a variety of equine first-aid kits commercially available, ranging from less than $50 to more than $500. While the expensive kits offer a great deal of diverse treatment options, most horse owners can get by with a more affordable homemade kit for travel.

…Dry Supplies You'll Need:

16" Combine Bandage

4 – 3x4" Non-stick Telfa Pads

Vetwrap

5 – Wooden Tongue Depressors *

4 - 10 cc. Syringes **

4x4" Gauze

Epsom Salt

Thermometer

Stethoscope

Scissors

Tweezers/Forceps

Duct Tape

4 – Disposable Diapers ***

Gloves

Clean, Small Towel(s)

Hand Sanitizer

2- 6" Sections of Rubber Tubing ****

Small Flashlight

Wet Supplies You'll Need:

Alcohol Preps OR 4x4" Gauze in a container with ample Rubbing Alcohol

Betadine

Dawn Dish Soap OR Betadine Scrub OR Chlorhexidine Scrub

Triple Antibiotic Ointment

1 Gallon Bottled Water

Antiseptic Wound Spray
Read more here:  http://www.thehorse.com/ViewArticle.aspx?ID=16787

 

Lens Implants in Horses Advocated Following Cataract Surgery


Horses that have undergone cataract surgery to remove the damaged intraocular (inside the eye) lens now have more appropriate replacement lens options.

After cataract surgery horses are still able to see, but without inserting a replacement lens, they have abnormal vision. These aphakic (no lens) horses are unable to properly focus light on the retina, making images appear larger and less focused.

Brian Gilger, DVM, MS, Dipl. ACVO, a professor in the department of clinical sciences at North Carolina State University’s College of Veterinary Medicine, and colleagues surgically implanted 25-diopter (D) lenses into the four adult horses undergoing cataract surgery. The researchers then used retinoscopy and ocular ultrasonography to assess the lenses.

Read more here:  http://www.thehorse.com/ViewArticle.aspx?ID=16756

 

New ELISA Test for EPM Diagnosis Developed at the Gluck Center


Diagnostic assays for equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) developed under the leadership of Daniel Howe, PhD, a molecular parasitologist at the University of Kentucky Gluck Equine Research Center, are now available exclusively at Equine Diagnostic Solutions LLC (EDS).

The new diagnostic tests are quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) based on multiple immunogenic proteins located on the surface of the Sarcocystis neurona parasite, which causes the neurologic disease EPM. Horses infected with S. neurona produce a vigorous antibody response to these parasite proteins, which can be accurately measured with the ELISAs.

Read more here:  http://www.thehorse.com/ViewArticle.aspx?ID=16695

 

Understanding Piroplasmosis


The recent insidious emergence of piroplasmosis, a tick-borne disease, is a striking reminder of the vigilance required to remain free of the class of infectious diseases that include persistence in their pathogenesis. Pathogen persistence is the ability of an infectious organism to remain in the host long-term, even for life, in the absence of easily detectable clinical disease. A critical outcome of persistence is infected populations that are clinically silent reservoirs for transmission.

Read more here: http://www.thehorse.com/ViewArticle.aspx?ID=16619

 

Study: Laser Glaucoma Treatment Helps, But Doesn't Cure


A specially designed surgical laser can help control fluid pressures in the eyes of horses with glaucoma and help maintain vision, but it does not alleviate the need for the continued use of topical eye medications, according to David A. Wilkie, DVM, MS, Dipl. ACVO, and colleagues from the Colleges of Veterinary Medicine at Michigan State University and The Ohio State University (OSU).

Glaucoma is characterized by an increase in the intraocular pressure of the eye to a level that is not compatible with the health of the eye and vision. While it is not very common (it only affects approximately 0.07% of horses in the United States), it is frequently seen in horses with equine recurrent uveitis or moon blindness. Glaucoma in horses can be challenging to treat.

Read more here: http://www.thehorse.com/ViewArticle.aspx?ID=16607

 

Grass Species May Be Toxic to Horses


A new substance that is toxic to horses was recently reported by Australian scientists. The condition called equine fescue edema results from grazing on Mediterranean tall fescue varieties, which are grown in temperate climates. 

"This is a new form of toxicity to horses in every country; it has never been encountered anywhere before," explained Christopher A. Bourke, PhD, a principal research scientist at the Orange Agricultural Institute in New South Wales, Australia.

Between October 2007 and December 2008, 48 of 56 horses on six farms in different Australian states came down with symptoms of what is now called equine fescue edema, while grazing on pastures that contained tall fescue grass. The clinical symptoms included loss of appetite, depression and swelling of the head, neck, chest and abdomen. Four of the horses died.

"The edema that occurs is the result of falling blood albumin levels [proteins in the blood]. It can be seen in the head, neck, brisket and belly areas, but it will also be occurring in the wall of the large bowel and in the wall of the uterus (in mares) but this internal edema will not be visible to the naked eye," Bourke said.

Read more here: http://www.thehorse.com/ViewArticle.aspx?ID=16569

 

Dried or Wilted Maple Leaves Can Pose Serious Risk to Horses

Read more:  http://www.thehorse.com/ViewArticle.aspx?ID=16549

 

Understanding kissing spines

http://www.horseandhound.co.uk/horse-care-index/1370/267788.html

Explaining kissing spines

http://www.horseandhound.co.uk/horse-care-index/1370/58084.html

 

Equine Influenza Vaccine Efficacy in Older Horses

http://www.thehorse.com/ViewArticle.aspx?ID=16503

 

Equine Influenza Vaccine Remains Effective Against Mutated Virus, Study Shows

Equine influenza virus mutates as it travels around the world from one animal to the next, and equine influenza vaccine must be updated periodically if the virus mutates to the point that the current vaccine does not adequately protect horses.

Read more:  http://www.thehorse.com/ViewArticle.aspx?ID=16541

 

Sarcoid Information:  http://www.thehorse.com/ViewArticle.aspx?ID=16459

 

Links to a Webinar on DeWorming Your Horse.

http://www.thehorse.com/ViewArticle.aspx?ID=16467

 

Warning Zimecterin Gold-Reaction

Posted by: "Paula" horsehelpers@yahoo.com   horsehelpers

Sat Jun 5, 2010 7:52 am (PDT)
I would strongly recommend NOT using Zimecterin Gold wormer. Last night a friend called me to look at her horses mouth, it was swollen awful, the poor boy had drule running out all sides. I checked for snake bite holes and there were none. She had given him Zimecterin Gold about and hour and half before. I called several people to see if they had any reaction to it with their horses and all three had or knew someone that had. After calling everyone in the near us someone had a epi-shot. It is my understanding that some of the
horses had blisters the day after in their mouths also. Below is the warning the company has on its site, it says rare but by the number of people I talked to that had a reaction I wouldn't call it rare.Paula
--
IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION
ZIMECTERIN Gold
Warning: Not for use in humans. Keep this and all drugs out of reach of children. In horses there have been rare reports of swelling and irritation of the mouth, lips and tongue following administration of ZIMECTERIN Gold. These reactions have been transitory in nature. Do not use in other animal species as severe adverse reactions, including fatalities in dogs, may result.
ZIMECTERIN Paste 1.87%
Warning: Not for use in humans. Keep this and all drugs out of reach of children. Do not use in other animal species as severe adverse reactions, including fatalities in dogs, may result.

 

Recall announcement date: 4 May 2010

Intervet ( Prevenile) West Nile Virus Vaccine is being recalled

Just received this email> 

Intervet ( Prevenile) West Nile Virus Vaccine is being recalled due to horses going into anaphylactic shock from the vaccine. Check your vaccine vials! All Intervet, Prevenile products need to be returned to the distributer.
http://www.prevenile.com/
Lisa Drahorad, Event Coordinator
Another Chance 4 Horses
www.ac4h.com 

"The world is a dangerous place, not because of those who do evil, but because of those who look on and do nothing."
Anna Sewell, author of Black Beauty
 "Never, Never be afraid to do what's right, especially if the well-being of a person or animal is at stake.  Society's punishments are small compared to the wounds we inflict on our souls when we look the other way."  Martin Luther King Jr.

Update:

To: USERL@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Friday, May 7, 2010 10:19:55 AM GMT -05:00 US/Canada Eastern
Subject: [USERL] Vaccine recall update

The original letter html address I sent out has been taken offline, as it is now a full recall of all Prevenile vaccines (and not just specific lot #’s). 

Go to http://www.thehorse.com//ViewArticle.aspx?ID=16295&eID=292383 for an updated

article by The Horse for more information.

Please pass along the information to your regional yahoo groups.

Jennifer Malpass

Board Chair

United States Equine Rescue League, Inc.

9660 Falls of Neuse Road

Suite 138 Box 300

Raleigh, NC  27615

800-650-8549

info@userl.org

www.userl.org

Donate to USERL today and make a difference!

 

Tapeworm-Colic Link Discovered

http://www.thehorse.com/ViewArticle.aspx?ID=16390

 

Sent: 1/9/2010 2:51:06 P.M. Central Standard Time
Subj: FOR IMMEDIATE PRESS RELEASE

***PRESS  RELEASE***

Missouri Emergency Response Service (MERS), a Large Animal Rescue group, has reported that over the last 4 weeks there has been a spike in the number of calls that they are getting for horses that have fallen into frozen ponds, or become trapped on top of the frozen surfaces.

Although many people must leave their horses out in this type of weather, it is very important to make sure that the horses have access to fresh water. If a heated water trough or heated water bucket is not an option, it is extremely important to keep ice chipped away in order to keep the horses from venturing out onto the pond. The downside from trying to keep ice chipped away in this temperature range, is that it must be done often.

As a general rule, horses will not go out onto a frozen pond, if they have a source of fresh water.

PLEASE HELP US GET THE WORD OUT.

Respectfully,
Roger Vincent
ROGER VINCENT-PRESIDENT
Missouri Emergency Response Service
4420 Allenton Road
Wildwood, Mo. 63069
314-973-4921
vnbigbear@aol.com

www.mersteam.org
People Don't Care...........
How Much We Know
Until They Know
How Much We Care.....

 

Crossposting: If your pet is scheduled for any procedure requiring anesthesia, please read:

ALERT
KETAMINE RECALL
by
Robert Jay Russell, Ph.D.,
Coton de Tulear Club of America President,
www.cotonclub.org
CotonNews@aol.com
(607) 693-2828
December 23, 2009. Ketamine is the most widely used veterinary anesthetic. The FDA approves its use for cats and primates (including humans). It is used for dogs, rabbits, rodents, ferrets other small mammals, cattle, swine, sheep, reptiles, goats and even birds.
If any of your pets are scheduled to undergo anesthesia, make absolutely certain your veterinarian is well aware of this Ketamine recall issued 12/21 << http://www.fda.gov/Safety/Recalls/ucm195118.htm >>:
Recall -- Firm Press Release
FDA posts press releases and other notices of recalls and market withdrawals from the firms involved as a service to consumers, the media, and other interested parties. FDA does not endorse either the product or the company.
Teva Animal Health, Inc. expands a voluntary nationwide recall of Ketamine Hydrochloride Injection, USP CIII 100mg/mL in 10mL vials
Contact:
Denise Bradley
Tel: 215-591-8974
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE -- December 21, 2009 - Teva Animal Health, Inc. is expanding a nationwide voluntary recall of Ketamine Hydrochloride Injection, USP CIII 100mg/mL in 10mL vials for all lot numbers within their expiration dates to the Veterinary Level. This product had previously been recalled to the distributor level and is being expanded as a result of an increased trend in serious adverse events associated with this product.
Veterinarians who have this product in their possession are instructed to cease using the product immediately and return it to their distributor.
Ketamine Hydrochloride is a rapid acting, non-narcotic, non-barbiturate agent for anesthetic use in cats and for restraint in subhuman primates. This recall is being conducted as a result of an increased trend in serious adverse events associated with this product, including lack of effect, prolonged effect, and death and involves all lot numbers within expiration.
Teva Animal Health, Inc is voluntarily recalling the aforementioned product. The FDA has been apprised of this action.
Consumers with questions may contact 800-759-3664 from 8:00am – 5:00pm CST Monday-Friday.
---
copyright 2009 Dr. R. J. Russell & the CTCA

 

The Horse | Fact Sheets

Posted by: "Marge" redmm97@cox.net   redmm97

Wed Aug 12, 2009 2:04 pm (PDT)
TheHorse.com is creating a series of free, two-page, downloadable Fact Sheets to give a short, basic synopsis on a variety of topics associated with horse health, care, management, and welfare. You are welcome to read these online, download them to your computer, e-mail them to friends, or print them out and share with your horse-owning friends or equine groups.
http://www.thehorse.com/ViewArticle.aspx?ID=13442#arthritis

 

Note from Brandi:  I haven’t ever lived where the horses could eat mesquite beans, so I didn’t know this could happen.  Thought it was definitely worth passing on.

Hello my name is Linn and I live in the Southern part of Texas where we have a lot of Mesquite Trees. I would like to share some vital information with the other members of this group.
The Beans of the Mesquite tree are a very good energy source high in Carbohydrates and are like candy to a Horse. But please be aware when Horses injest large amounts of the Beans they might also develop Colic as a result of the Beans causing an impaction of the Stomach or Intestine. Surgery might be needed to remove the impacted mass of Pods and Beans. So if your Equine is eating the Beans it might be wise to try and rake the Bean Pods up and dispose of them. By all means make sure you check the Horses manure to re-assure yourself the Horse is passing the Pods.

 

Tooth Characteristics and Feed Digestibility

Posted by: "Marge" redmm97@cox.net   redmm97

Tue Mar 17, 2009 11:43 am (PDT)

AAEP 2008: Tooth Characteristics and Feed Digestibility
by: Christy West, TheHorse.com Webmaster
March 16 2009, Article # 13787
Print Email NEW! Add to Favorites RSS ShareThis
Think floating a horse's teeth improves his feed digestion? Think again. At the 2008 American Association of Equine Practitioners convention, held Dec. 6-10 in San Diego, Calif., a study showing that floating doesn't improve feed digestion was presented by James Carmalt, MA, VetMB, MVetSc, Dipl. ABVP, ACVS, associate professor of large animal surgery at the Western College of Veterinary Medicine in Saskatoon, Canada. However,an exam should be done to look for areas of dental pain.
The study of 17 Quarter Horse and Draft horses found no apparent correlation between oral pathology score (a measure of mouth abnormalities) and any measure of feed digestibility, including nutrient analysis and feed particle size in the stomach and feces. However, that doesn't mean that floating is a waste of time and money, said Carmalt; it is valuable for fixing painful dental problems.
"Digestibility is a software (soft tissue) problem, not a hardware (tooth) problem," he commented. "We're getting away from routinely floating teeth and looking at soft tissue problems such as cheek ulceration, endodontic (inner tooth/root) problems, etc."
This shift to an increased focus on soft tissues is supported by others in the dentistry field. Jack Easley, DVM, MS, Dipl. ABVP, a dental practitioner in Shelbyville, Ky., made the following comments during the question/answer session: "Years ago we would look at hooks, waves, ramps, and step mouth (various tooth wear patterns) and call it pathology. Now we think they're the result of pathology somewhere else, such as ulcers/oral pain causing changed mastication (chewing motion) and abnormal tooth wear. For example, weight loss in older horses isn't so much from tooth wear characteristics as from pain, which makes them take all day to eat (slow, reduced feed intake is the problem, rather than ineffective chewing). That's what we need to deal with--the cause of the pain, rather than the resulting abnormal tooth wear."
Thus, the take-home message of this presentation was that annual/biannual dental exams are still very much needed to identify and address problems in teeth and soft tissues, but floating the teeth should be done to reduce pain, not to improve digestion (because in most cases it won't).

 

New Research Demonstrates Phenylbutazone Risks

Posted by: "Marge" redmm97@cox.net   redmm97

Mon Mar 16, 2009 4:24 pm (PDT)
New Research Demonstrates Phenylbutazone Risks
Duluth, GA. - New research demonstrates that prolonged administration of phenylbutazone (bute) can cause some adverse effects in horses as soon as three days after initial treatment. The effects include protein loss, lowered white blood cell counts, blood flow changes in the right dorsal colon and changes in volatile fatty acid activity.1
“Every veterinarian should be aware of this important research,” says Frank Hurtig, DVM, MBA, director, Merial Veterinary Services. “We applaud Dr. McConnico and her team for their hard work and contribution to our knowledge of this subject.”
The research team’s goal was to focus on the effects in individual horses, notes lead researcher Rebecca S. McConnico, DVM, Ph.D., Dipl. ACVIM, associate professor, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine.
“The research will serve its purpose if we take a moment to look at individual horses and assess the possible toxic effects of this drug,” says Dr. McConnico.
During the study, eight horses were either administered bute at 8.8 mg/kg for 21 days, or were part of the control group given corn syrup. The horses were closely monitored using physical examinations, blood samples, arterial blood flow analysis examinations and samples collected from the right dorsal colon as well as other analyses.1
Horses receiving bute experienced:1
a.. Abnormally low protein concentrations in the blood stream beginning as early as three days after the initial administration of bute.
b.. A low number of white blood cells starting three to six days after initial treatment.
c.. Concentrations of one type of volatile fatty acid lowered significantly in just two weeks.
Dr. McConnico notes that volatile fatty acids are largely thought to be responsible for water absorption in the distal part of the colon in horses. In addition to these results, two horses developed colitis while receiving bute and were removed from the study and hospitalized.1
Without the detailed measurement undertaken in this research, the outward signs of these effects would be subtle, Dr. McConnico notes.
“It’s not necessarily what the average horse owner would see; it’s almost what you wouldn’t see,” Dr. McConnico says. “You wouldn’t see the horse at its best physically. These fluctuations could really affect a horse’s ability to perform.”
With the support of the Grayson Jockey Club Research Foundation, the study’s five authors addressed these questions and have made strides to determine the commonplace medication’s potential effects.
“This research brings to light individual animal variability,” Dr. McConnico says. “There are a whole lot of medications where we don’t quite know what they’re doing to the animal’s entire system. Hopefully, we’ll continue down this path of research and sort that out for the horses’ benefit.”
The labor-intensive study encountered a few surprises, including an interruption by Hurricane Katrina in 2005. Despite setbacks, the findings begin to confirm anecdotal evidence gathered over the course of Dr. McConnico’s career.
“During my graduate program and working in referral practices, we would tend to see cases that were a little more unusual,” Dr. McConnico says. “In many of those cases, it seemed to many of us that bute has not been tolerated well in a large number of horses. However, some horses could tolerate it. We felt we needed to look at bute use in the long term, which is what this research accomplished.”

 

ALERT - Baxter Pharmaceuticals "Accident" contaminates vaccines with

Posted by: "rescueahorse@comcast.net" rescueahorse@comcast.net   mlesty

Sun Mar 8, 2009 11:06 am (PDT)



Please read and take precautions.

Mike and Chris Dodge
Founders
H.O.R.S.E. Rescue & Sanctuary
http://www.hrsny.org

Subject: ALERT - Baxter Pharmaceuticals "Accident" contaminates vaccines with Avian Flu (H5N1) combined with H3N2 - creating worldwide Pandemic Alert

It may be a good idea to avoid getting innoculated (human or animal) with any flu vaccines for awhile unless you can determine if the vaccine was made by Baxter Pharmaceuticals.

Apparently Baxter Pharmaceuticals has "accidentally" mixed live Avian Flu (H5N1 and H3N2) into some of their vaccines, which were then shipped to medical distributors in 18 countries.  This was "discovered" by Baxter on February 6, 2009 but they don't say what steps they've taken to remedy the situation, nor what countries are involved, nor which vaccine is involved.  

The problem is that combining these two (H5N1 and H3N2) results in the Avian Flu being easily assimilated into the human and animal bodies.

Baxter Pharmaceuticals issued a press release but isn't talking about the incident - they are using the cover that it is "proprietary information."  

Baxter says the infected vaccines were meant to be used on animals - not humans.

The World Health Organization and the European Centere for Disease Control are reportedly watching the situation very closely (as reported in Canadian Press).

Please read the Canadian Health article (quoted below) for the best information about this which I've been able to find.

Other aspects of the world press, based on what Baxter is willing to say, reports that 18 of Baxter's lab employees were seen and treated with TamiFlu for avian flu exposure, that the vaccine killed live ferrets (who weren't supposed to die), caused laboratories to be sanitized, and that the vaccine was shipped to subcontractors in 4 countries:  Austria, German, Slowenia, and the Czech Republic, who in turn may have shipped it to medical distributors in 18 countries (those countries as yet unnamed).  This was all discovered in early February but Baxter still doesn't want to release new information on it.

Canada Health reports that 36 or 37 people were exposed, and that Baxter became aware of the problem on February 6th when innoculated ferrets died at the Czech facility.  

("Ferrets are susceptible to human flu strains, but they don't die from those infections.  Preliminary investigation found the material was contaminated with H5N1 flu virus, which is lethal to ferrets.")  

The World Health Organization is reportedly recommending that world governments stock up on and use Baxter's H5N1 Avian Flu vaccine to protect against the Avian Flu pandemic which may be created by Baxter's accidental release of this contaminated.  

Speculation abounds that Baxter's "inexplicable accidental release" may result in Baxter making huge profits from the sales of its H5N1 Avian Flu Vaccine around the world to protect against what Baxter themselves has somehow unleashed.

I found some confirming non-alarmist but highly questioning articles for this :

Bloomberg.com had the article (shown by Google) but has pulled it from its website, yet the Bloomberg article is referred to extensively in other articles.  Here's the Bloomberg article as reprinted from another site, which apparently is the Baxter International press release:

Baxter International Inc. in Austria unintentionally contaminated samples with the bird flu virus that were used in laboratories in three neighboring countries, raising concern about the potential spread of the deadly disease.

The contamination was discovered when ferrets at a laboratory in the Czech Republic died after being inoculated with vaccine made from the samples early this month. The material came from Deerfield, Illinois-based Baxter, which reported the incident to the Austrian Ministry of Health, Sigrid Rosenberger, a ministry spokeswoman, said today in a telephone interview.

"This was infected with a bird flu virus," Rosenberger said. "There were some people from the company who handled it."

The material was intended for use in laboratories, and none of the lab workers have fallen ill. The incident is drawing scrutiny over the safety of research using the H5N1 bird flu strain that's killed more than three-fifths of the people known to have caught the bug worldwide. Some scientists say the 1977 Russian flu, the most recent global outbreak, began when a virus escaped from a laboratory.

The virus material was supposed to contain a seasonal flu virus and was contaminated after "human error," said Christopher Bona, a spokesman for Baxter, in a telephone interview. (Michelle Fay Cortez and Jason Gale,  Bloomberg )

The contamination was discovered when ferrets at a laboratory in the Czech Republic died after being inoculated with vaccine made from the samples early this month. The material came from Deerfield, Illinois-based Baxter, which reported the incident to the Austrian Ministry of Health, Sigrid Rosenberger, a ministry spokeswoman, said today in a telephone interview.

"This was infected with a bird flu virus," Rosenberger said. "There were some people from the company who handled it."

The material was intended for use in laboratories, and none of the lab workers have fallen ill. The incident is drawing scrutiny over the safety of research using the H5N1 bird flu strain that's killed more than three-fifths of the people known to have caught the bug worldwide. Some scientists say the 1977 Russian flu, the most recent global outbreak, began when a virus escaped from a laboratory.

The virus material was supposed to contain a seasonal flu virus and was contaminated after "human error," said Christopher Bona, a spokesman for Baxter, in a telephone interview. (Michelle Fay Cortez and Jason Gale,  Bloomberg )

--------------------------------------------------

This one is from the Canadian Press:

http://chealth.canoe.ca/channel_health_news_details.asp?news_id=27436&news_channel_id=1020&channel_id=1020

Infection Health News

Officials investigate how bird flu viruses were sent to unsuspecting labs
Provided by: Canadian Press
Written by: Medical Reporter, THE CANADIAN PRESS
Feb. 25, 2009

Officials are trying to get to the bottom of how vaccine manufacturer Baxter International Inc. made "experimental virus material" based on a human flu strain but contaminated with the H5N1 avian flu virus and then distributed it to an Austrian company.

That company, Avir Green Hills Biotechnology, then disseminated the supposed H3N2 virus product to subcontractors in the Czech Republic, Slovenia and Germany. Authorities in the four European countries are looking into the incident, and their efforts are being closely watched by the World Health Organization and the European Centre for Disease Control.

Though it appears none of the 36 or 37 people who were exposed to the contaminated product became infected, the incident is being described as "a serious error" on the part of Baxter, which is on the brink of securing a European licence for an H5N1 vaccine. That vaccine is made at a different facility, in the Czech Republic.

"For this particular incident ... the horse did not get out (of the barn)," Dr. Angus Nicoll of the ECDC said from Stockholm.

"But that doesn't mean that we and WHO and the European Commission and the others aren't taking it as seriously as you would any laboratory accident with dangerous pathogens - which you have here."

Accidental release of a mixture of live H5N1 and H3N2 viruses - if that indeed happened - could have resulted in dire consequences. Nicoll said officials still aren't 100 per cent sure the mixture contained live H5N1 viruses. But given that ferrets exposed to the mixture died, it likely did.

H5N1 doesn't easily infect people, but H3N2 viruses do. They are one of two types of influenza A viruses that infect people each flu season.

If someone exposed to the mixture had been co-infected with H5N1 and H3N2, the person could have served as an incubator for a hybrid virus able to transmit easily to and among people. That mixing process, called reassortment, is one of two ways pandemic viruses are created.

Research published last summer by scientists at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control found that in the laboratory, H5N1 and H3N2 viruses mated readily. While less virulent than H5N1, a number of the offspring viruses appeared to retain at least a portion of the killing power of their dangerous parent.

Baxter International, which is based in Deerfield, Ill., said the contamination was the result of an error in its research facility in Orth-Donau, Austria.

The facility had been contracted by Avir Green Hills to make what Baxter refers to as "experimental virus material" based on human H3N2 viruses.

Christopher Bona, Baxter's director of global bioscience communications, said the liquid virus product was not a vaccine and was developed for testing purposes only. He deferred questions about the purpose of the testing to Avir Green Hills, but said the batch was to be used in animals and was never intended for use in humans.

Avir Green Hills said in an email that it took possession of the material in late December. It later sent the product to the sub-contractors. The email said the material was stored and handled throughout under high biosafety conditions.

Alarm bells rang in early February when researchers at the Czech sub-contractor inoculated ferrets with the material and the animals promptly died. Baxter learned about the problem on Feb. 6, Bona said from Deerfield.

Ferrets are susceptible to human flu strains, but they don't die from those infections. Preliminary investigation found the material was contaminated with H5N1 flu virus, which is lethal to ferrets.

Nicoll said the fact the ferrets died supports the working assumption that there were live H5N1 viruses in the material Baxter produced.

Bona said Baxter has identified how the contamination happened and has taken steps to ensure it doesn't happen again. He said Austrian authorities audited Baxter's Orth-Donau research operations after the problem came to light and are satisfied with the steps taken.

Baxter is the only flu vaccine manufacturer to work with wild type flu viruses, felt to be more dangerous than the altered and attenuated (weakened) viruses other manufacturers use.

The company uses what is known as BSL3 level precautions in all its vaccine research facilities, Bona said. (Researchers at the U.S. CDC use BSL3-plus biocontainment when working with H5N1 viruses, a spokesperson for the agency said.)

People familiar with biosecurity rules are dismayed by evidence that human H3N2 and avian H5N1 viruses have somehow co-mingled in the Baxter research facility. That should not be allowed to happen, a number of experts insisted.

The company isn't shedding much light on how it did.

"It was a combination of just the process itself, (and) technical and human error in this procedure," Bona said. When asked to elaborate, he said to do so would give away proprietary information about Baxter's production process.

Bona said when Baxter realized its error, it helped the various companies destroy the contaminated material and clean up their facilities. And staff who had been exposed to the contaminated product were assessed and monitored by infectious diseases doctors. They were also offered the antiviral drug oseltamivir (Tamiflu).

Baxter's error is reminiscent of a 2005 incident where a U.S. manufacturer of kits used by laboratories to test their detection capabilities included vials of H2N2 virus in several thousand proficiency kits. H2N2, the virus that caused the 1957 pandemic, has not circulated since 1968 and is thought to be a prime candidate to cause the next pandemic.

That mistake, discovered by Canada's National Microbiology Laboratory, set authorities around the world scrambling to retrieve and destroy the vials of virus, which had been sent to labs in 18 countries. close window

The contents of this site are for informational purposes only and are meant to be discussed with your physician or other qualified health care professional before being acted on. Never disregard any advice given to you by your doctor or other qualified health care professional. Always seek the advice of a physician or other licensed health care professional regarding any questions you have about your medical condition(s) and treatment(s). This site is not a substitute for medical advice.

© 1996 - 2009  MediResource Inc.  - MediResource reaches millions of Canadians each year.
Infection Health News

Officials investigate how bird flu viruses were sent to unsuspecting labs
Provided by: Canadian Press
Written by: Medical Reporter, THE CANADIAN PRESS
Feb. 25, 2009

Officials are trying to get to the bottom of how vaccine manufacturer Baxter International Inc. made "experimental virus material" based on a human flu strain but contaminated with the H5N1 avian flu virus and then distributed it to an Austrian company.

That company, Avir Green Hills Biotechnology, then disseminated the supposed H3N2 virus product to subcontractors in the Czech Republic, Slovenia and Germany. Authorities in the four European countries are looking into the incident, and their efforts are being closely watched by the World Health Organization and the European Centre for Disease Control.

Though it appears none of the 36 or 37 people who were exposed to the contaminated product became infected, the incident is being described as "a serious error" on the part of Baxter, which is on the brink of securing a European licence for an H5N1 vaccine. That vaccine is made at a different facility, in the Czech Republic.

"For this particular incident ... the horse did not get out (of the barn)," Dr. Angus Nicoll of the ECDC said from Stockholm.

"But that doesn't mean that we and WHO and the European Commission and the others aren't taking it as seriously as you would any laboratory accident with dangerous pathogens - which you have here."

Accidental release of a mixture of live H5N1 and H3N2 viruses - if that indeed happened - could have resulted in dire consequences. Nicoll said officials still aren't 100 per cent sure the mixture contained live H5N1 viruses. But given that ferrets exposed to the mixture died, it likely did.

H5N1 doesn't easily infect people, but H3N2 viruses do. They are one of two types of influenza A viruses that infect people each flu season.

If someone exposed to the mixture had been co-infected with H5N1 and H3N2, the person could have served as an incubator for a hybrid virus able to transmit easily to and among people. That mixing process, called reassortment, is one of two ways pandemic viruses are created.

Research published last summer by scientists at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control found that in the laboratory, H5N1 and H3N2 viruses mated readily. While less virulent than H5N1, a number of the offspring viruses appeared to retain at least a portion of the killing power of their dangerous parent.

Baxter International, which is based in Deerfield, Ill., said the contamination was the result of an error in its research facility in Orth-Donau, Austria.

The facility had been contracted by Avir Green Hills to make what Baxter refers to as "experimental virus material" based on human H3N2 viruses.

Christopher Bona, Baxter's director of global bioscience communications, said the liquid virus product was not a vaccine and was developed for testing purposes only. He deferred questions about the purpose of the testing to Avir Green Hills, but said the batch was to be used in animals and was never intended for use in humans.

Avir Green Hills said in an email that it took possession of the material in late December. It later sent the product to the sub-contractors. The email said the material was stored and handled throughout under high biosafety conditions.

Alarm bells rang in early February when researchers at the Czech sub-contractor inoculated ferrets with the material and the animals promptly died. Baxter learned about the problem on Feb. 6, Bona said from Deerfield.

Ferrets are susceptible to human flu strains, but they don't die from those infections. Preliminary investigation found the material was contaminated with H5N1 flu virus, which is lethal to ferrets.

Nicoll said the fact the ferrets died supports the working assumption that there were live H5N1 viruses in the material Baxter produced.

Bona said Baxter has identified how the contamination happened and has taken steps to ensure it doesn't happen again. He said Austrian authorities audited Baxter's Orth-Donau research operations after the problem came to light and are satisfied with the steps taken.

Baxter is the only flu vaccine manufacturer to work with wild type flu viruses, felt to be more dangerous than the altered and attenuated (weakened) viruses other manufacturers use.

The company uses what is known as BSL3 level precautions in all its vaccine research facilities, Bona said. (Researchers at the U.S. CDC use BSL3-plus biocontainment when working with H5N1 viruses, a spokesperson for the agency said.)

People familiar with biosecurity rules are dismayed by evidence that human H3N2 and avian H5N1 viruses have somehow co-mingled in the Baxter research facility. That should not be allowed to happen, a number of experts insisted.

The company isn't shedding much light on how it did.

"It was a combination of just the process itself, (and) technical and human error in this procedure," Bona said. When asked to elaborate, he said to do so would give away proprietary information about Baxter's production process.

Bona said when Baxter realized its error, it helped the various companies destroy the contaminated material and clean up their facilities. And staff who had been exposed to the contaminated product were assessed and monitored by infectious diseases doctors. They were also offered the antiviral drug oseltamivir (Tamiflu).

Baxter's error is reminiscent of a 2005 incident where a U.S. manufacturer of kits used by laboratories to test their detection capabilities included vials of H2N2 virus in several thousand proficiency kits. H2N2, the virus that caused the 1957 pandemic, has not circulated since 1968 and is thought to be a prime candidate to cause the next pandemic.

That mistake, discovered by Canada's National Microbiology Laboratory, set authorities around the world scrambling to retrieve and destroy the vials of virus, which had been sent to labs in 18 countries. close window

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This is a science blog which is very scientifically-oriented to the story, and asks some very valid and interesting questions:

http://scienceblogs.com/effectmeasure/2009/02/questions_about_bird_flu_conta.php -

Examples:  

The incident is drawing scrutiny over the safety of research using the H5N1 bird flu strain that's killed more than three-fifths of the people known to have caught the bug worldwide. Some scientists say the 1977 Russian flu, the most recent global outbreak, began when a virus escaped from a laboratory.
Posted by:  Jhony Jay  |  February 26, 2009 7:14 AM
----------------------------------------------------------

Baxter sends out supposedly H3N2 to a vaccine testing lab as a control virus in their challenge studies. They put that in Ferrets and oops, the ferrets die which shouldnt die from H3N2. Turns out the clean H3N2 samples were contaminated with H5N1, which kills ferrets.

What are the chances that the largest Vaccine maker in the world just spread H5N1 around the world on purpose so that a few lab geeks would get infected and then their newly licenced H5N1 vaccine would have to be bought by ever country to protect themselves?

Hmmmm
Posted by: M |  February 26, 2009 10:16 AM
-----------------------------------------------------

The incident is drawing scrutiny over the safety of research using the H5N1 bird flu strain that's killed more than three-fifths of the people known to have caught the bug worldwide. Some scientists say the 1977 Russian flu, the most recent global outbreak, began when a virus escaped from a laboratory.
Posted by:  Jhony Jay  |  February 26, 2009 7:14 AM
----------------------------------------------------------

Baxter sends out supposedly H3N2 to a vaccine testing lab as a control virus in their challenge studies. They put that in Ferrets and oops, the ferrets die which shouldnt die from H3N2. Turns out the clean H3N2 samples were contaminated with H5N1, which kills ferrets.

What are the chances that the largest Vaccine maker in the world just spread H5N1 around the world on purpose so that a few lab geeks would get infected and then their newly licenced H5N1 vaccine would have to be bought by ever country to protect themselves?

Hmmmm
Posted by: M |  February 26, 2009 10:16 AM
-----------------------------------------------------

The notion that Baxter is not reporting out all the details due to propietary production secrecy needs is beyond outrageous.

Sending H5N1 contaminated virus samples to three countries should qualify as a public health incident of global concern, and the International Health Regulations should kick in.

Delaying public reporting of this potential catastrophe for weeks is unforgiveable and reprehensible.

Baxter should be forced to publicly explain every step of its investigation and findings, so that other companies, universities, and government labs can check their security processes against what went wrong at Baxter.

Let me translate what Baxter said: "We care much more about profit than about global public health. We'd rather not reveal how we might have launched the next pandemic than tell you anything about how we (mis)handled H5N1."

Who provided the H5N1 sample to Baxter? Ultimately, probably a WHO collaborating lab. WHO should immediately ban Baxter from receiving any further samples of any sort from any WHO collaborating lab -- until Baxter offers a fully candid, transparent, honest report about what happened, and until WHO, the governments, and the publics of the effected countries have no further questions or concerns about Baxter's competence and candor.
Posted by:  Jody Lanard M.D.  |  February 26, 2009 1:37 PM
----------------------------------------------------------

The notion that Baxter is not reporting out all the details due to propietary production secrecy needs is beyond outrageous.

Sending H5N1 contaminated virus samples to three countries should qualify as a public health incident of global concern, and the International Health Regulations should kick in.

Delaying public reporting of this potential catastrophe for weeks is unforgiveable and reprehensible.

Baxter should be forced to publicly explain every step of its investigation and findings, so that other companies, universities, and government labs can check their security processes against what went wrong at Baxter.

Let me translate what Baxter said: "We care much more about profit than about global public health. We'd rather not reveal how we might have launched the next pandemic than tell you anything about how we (mis)handled H5N1."

Who provided the H5N1 sample to Baxter? Ultimately, probably a WHO collaborating lab. WHO should immediately ban Baxter from receiving any further samples of any sort from any WHO collaborating lab -- until Baxter offers a fully candid, transparent, honest report about what happened, and until WHO, the governments, and the publics of the effected countries have no further questions or concerns about Baxter's competence and candor.
Posted by:  Jody Lanard M.D.  |  February 26, 2009 1:37 PM
----------------------------------------------------------

jackson: my understanding from the canadian article linked by revere is that avir green hills contracted the h3n2 from baxter, not the other way around. (from the article: "The facility had been contracted by Avir Green Hills to make what Baxter refers to as "experimental virus material" based on human H3N2 viruses.")

avir green hills is working on a seasonal and pandemic vaccine, and i believe both are live-attenuated. i find it really weird that baxter, which is a vaccine company, denies that what they shipped avir green hills, et al. was a vaccine. instead, they said it was a "liquid virus product." i have no idea what this could be.

----------------

Brendan
I do not think the contaminated sample came from the US (as in the Baxter article). I think it was made at "Baxter['s] pilot plant in Orth, Austria can produce smaller quantities of candidate vaccines for clinical trials using Vero cell technology" (the bit in quotes is from a Baxter doc on their Vero cell based vaccine technology. They have a production facility "The facility, located in Bohumil, Czech Republic, is engineered for BioSafety Level 3 production, and can produce up to 100 million doses of pandemic vaccine annually,depending on vaccine specification, dosage and yields of strains").

As explained by a Baxter spokesman the 'error' occurred in Baxter Austria and they had subcontracted some research to AGH (Austria). AGH subcontracted work on the 'experimental Vaccine' to Biotest, and others, and forwarded it on the 30th Jan. (Friday). Biotest began trials the following week by the end of which they had dead ferrets and an obvious problem. On the following Monday (11th) people were being given Tamiflu in Vienna so someone knew or suspected H5N1 exposure. First press involvement was local to Biotest in the Czech republic at the end of that week (dated 17th) and spread from their. That is the chronology as I understand it and all players thought they were dealing with H3N2 and used appropriate protocols.

None of which is very interesting, apart from a PR point of view. What we want to know is the nature of the H3N2 entity. Was it live or a vaccine, what is the nature of the H5N1 (dead ferrets and prophylactic Tamiflu so assumed live), how the two ever managed to be in the same place at the same time to allow contamination and having occurred how it then got out of the BSL3 facility and into civi street. None of which Baxter seem willing to discuss.
Posted by: JJackson |  February 27, 2009 8:47 AM

P.S.
The H5N1 was A/Vietnam/1203/2004 which is being used by Baxter in phase 3 clinical trials in Austria (NCT00462215)
Posted by: JJackson |  February 27, 2009 9:20 AM
----------------------------------------------------------

Brendan
I do not think the contaminated sample came from the US (as in the Baxter article). I think it was made at "Baxter['s] pilot plant in Orth, Austria can produce smaller quantities of candidate vaccines for clinical trials using Vero cell technology" (the bit in quotes is from a Baxter doc on their Vero cell based vaccine technology. They have a production facility "The facility, located in Bohumil, Czech Republic, is engineered for BioSafety Level 3 production, and can produce up to 100 million doses of pandemic vaccine annually,depending on vaccine specification, dosage and yields of strains").

As explained by a Baxter spokesman the 'error' occurred in Baxter Austria and they had subcontracted some research to AGH (Austria). AGH subcontracted work on the 'experimental Vaccine' to Biotest, and others, and forwarded it on the 30th Jan. (Friday). Biotest began trials the following week by the end of which they had dead ferrets and an obvious problem. On the following Monday (11th) people were being given Tamiflu in Vienna so someone knew or suspected H5N1 exposure. First press involvement was local to Biotest in the Czech republic at the end of that week (dated 17th) and spread from their. That is the chronology as I understand it and all players thought they were dealing with H3N2 and used appropriate protocols.

None of which is very interesting, apart from a PR point of view. What we want to know is the nature of the H3N2 entity. Was it live or a vaccine, what is the nature of the H5N1 (dead ferrets and prophylactic Tamiflu so assumed live), how the two ever managed to be in the same place at the same time to allow contamination and having occurred how it then got out of the BSL3 facility and into civi street. None of which Baxter seem willing to discuss.
Posted by: JJackson |  February 27, 2009 8:47 AM

P.S.
The H5N1 was A/Vietnam/1203/2004 which is being used by Baxter in phase 3 clinical trials in Austria (NCT00462215)
Posted by: JJackson |  February 27, 2009 9:20 AM
----------------------------------------------------------

http://www.TorontoSun.com/news/canada/2009/02/27/8560781.html

----------------------------------------------------------

http://www.dailypaul.com/node/85116

This is a Dr. Ron Paul-oriented site.

----------------------------------------------------------

Natural Solutions Foundation
Health Freedom Action eAlert

March 6, 2009

This a an urgent communication to our opt-in Action eAlert system.

Please open this link for the full eblast:

http://www.healthfreedomusa.org/?p=2220

From the eAlert -

Action Item: Protect your right to refuse medical experimentation
http://salsa.democracyinaction.org/o/568/t/1128/campaign.jsp?campaign_KEY=26830
__________________________________________________________

The General's Communiqué
Maj. Gen. Albert N. Stubblebine III
(US Army, Ret.)

Big Pharma Company "Accidentally"
Contaminates Vaccines With LIVE
AVIAN FLU VIRUS in 18 Countries

Dr. Rima and I are still in Germany where the talk of health freedom advocates is this horrifying late-breaking story, though you may already be aware of it. Although it is being widely reported around the world, the US MMD (media of mass deception) appears to have a blackout placed on this story.

World media are reporting that Baxter Pharmaceuticals has admitted that it "accidentally" contaminated various vaccine batches with Avian Flu viruses. These batches were shipped to 18 countries. Clearly, either 1. stupidity and incompetence or 2. intentional contamianation of flu vaccine lots was at work...

[This ebalst continues on www.HealthFreedomUSA.org - we have been trying to send this eblast out for two days, but it continues to be blocked, so we are sending this "no html" version with the full ebast posted on our Health Freedom Blog. ]

To read this very important eblast please click here:

http://www.healthfreedomusa.org/?p=2220

General Stubblebine
Dr. Laibow
Counsel Fucetola

You've received this alert because you opted onto our elist. If you do not want to receive these alerts, please email us at dr.laibow@gmail.com with "Remove" in subject line.

 

 
International:
Multiple Countries:

International Equine Disease Report Second Quarter 2010

http://www.thehorse.com/ViewArticle.aspx?ID=17152

 

 
Argentina:

Equine Viral Arteritis Monitoring Is Ongoing

The Office of the Kentucky State Veterinarian is continuing to monitor an outbreak of equine viral arteritis that has been reported in Argentina, according to a recent news release from that office.

Read more here:  http://www.thehorse.com/ViewArticle.aspx?ID=16522

Update:

EVA Outbreak in Argentina

http://www.thehorse.com/ViewArticle.aspx?ID=17162

 

 
Austrailia:

Hendra: People Testing Negative for Virus (Austrailia)

http://www.thehorse.com/ViewArticle.aspx?ID=16402

 

 
England:

Devon, England

Equine Infectious Anaemia Detected in Second Horse in England

http://www.thehorse.com/ViewArticle.aspx?ID=16948

 

 
New England Area:

http://forums.delphiforums.com/alexbrown/messages?msg=46730.1

NEW JERSEY - EVH1 Concerns

(Note from Brandi:  I am not going to post the full info here (there is a lot of it!), please go take a look at the info.  At this time according to the info there are 4 confirmed cases of EVH1.)

 

Note from Brandi:  This came through from one of my yahoo groups. 

New York:

Sick horse update - Fever of Unknown Origin

Posted by: "minesafety" MineSafety@aol.com   minesafety

Tue Feb 9, 2010 1:30 pm (PST)
Apparently this very issue was discussed at a horse seminar on Saturday. Unexplained fever out of nowhere ("fever of unknown origin"). No appetite. Horses had not been exposed to other horses. Seen in the Hudson Valley this summer, but thought it was bug related. In our area two weeks ago (not far from here, but not on the same road) a horse had these symptoms and like Cody, has not been exposed to other horses, and hasn't been anywhere, and obviously there are no bugs. Blood work fine on the other horse was also fine. The other horse was treated with an intervenous tetracycline, so that's what they are doing for Cody. Intravenous tetracycline for the next 3 days. The vets cannot figure it out. It absolutely is not tooth related nor colic related. The other three horses are not exhibiting any symptoms, but I need to keep track of their temps over the next two weeks. I just wish we had started antibiotics on Saturday when his fever was 105.5, but I'm sure he's on the road to recovery. So -- for those of you in this area -- just keep this in mind if your horse gets lethargic, doesn't eat that much, runs a fever.
-- Ellen

 

 
Arizona:

http://www.thehorse.com/ViewArticle.aspx?ID=16468

Vesicular Stomatitis Outbreak in Arizona


The first cases of vesicular stomatitis this year were reported in three horses in Cochise County, Ariz. Vesicular stomatitis is sporadically occurring virus that causes blister-like lesions in the mouth and on the dental pad, tongue, lips, nostrils, hooves, prepuce, and teats of livestock. The disease most frequently occurs during warmer months in the southwestern United States.

Kentucky has since imposed travel restrictions on livestock entering the state from areas of Southeast Arizona. For up-to-date information on travel restrictions into Kentucky visit the Office of the State Veterinarian website.

 

 
Arkansas:

40 Arkansas Horses Test Positive for EIA

by: Erica Larson, News Editor
August 25 2011, Article # 18734

Forty horses from one Clarksville, Ark., farm have died or been euthanized after testing positive for equine infectious anemia (EIA), according to Arkansas State Veterinarian George Pat Badley, DVM.

"The first positive came in about two to three weeks ago," Badley explained, adding that testing on the entire herd began after two horses on the property died and were subsequently confirmed as EIA-positive. "When we got one that tested positive, we sent the blood off to Ames, Iowa, (to the USDA's National Veterinary Services Laboratory for confirmation) and it tested positive, too. That's when we found the (rest of the) positives, when the private veterinarian went back and tested the blood on all the horses." The farm was quarantined after the initial positive test results were returned.

Of the 80 horses residing on the property, a total of 40 horses tested EIA-positive and were euthanized, Badley confirmed. The remaining horses are under veterinary observation, however at this point all have tested negative for EIA.

"We have one herd that has a lot of positives in it," Badley said. "These horses don't show and the owner hasn't sold any for quite some time, either. It's pretty much a closed herd.

This year "the owner has taken additions in," he noted. "The latest addition, which arrived about four to six months ago, had a negative test when it arrived there. Then (when the outbreak) happened, it was one of the positives."

Badley noted that all the horses at that horse's farm of origin had current negative Coggins tests, but the animals were retested at the state's expense and were confirmed as negative.

Although state veterinary officials believe this to be an isolated and contained incident, they are working to determine the source of the disease and confirm whether or not the virus has spread from the property. State animal health officials have tested 13 horses residing at a nearby facility (all of these horses were at least a quarter mile away from the index property), and all test results have been negative at this point, Badley noted.

He also said that blood for Coggins tests had not been drawn on the affected farm's complete herd for several years: "Arkansas has a law that says every horse is supposed to be tested once a year, but that's in a perfect world and it doesn't happen. So we now believe that the disease was there for quite a while and has been brewing."

Additionally, he stressed that this incident is not related to another isolated situation that occurred two to three months ago in Van Buren County, Ark., in which five horses on three premises in close proximity tested positive for EIA. Badley noted that the five horses were all in contact with each other prior to testing positive for the disease.

"There are some reports that try to tie the two separate events together and it makes it (the scope of the scenario seem) much worse if you do that, but these events are completely unrelated. They do not have anything to do with each other epidemiologically. The horses had never even seen each other." Epidemiology is the study of the causes, distribution, and control of disease in populations.

Equine infectious anemia is a viral disease that attacks horses' immune systems and is most commonly detected with the Coggins test. The virus is transmitted through the exchange of body fluids from an infected to a noninfected animal, often by blood-feeding insects such as horseflies, and more rarely through the use of blood-contaminated instruments or needles. Once an animal is infected with EIA, it is infected for life and can be a reservoir for the spread of disease. Obvious clinical signs of the disease include progressive loss of condition along with muscle weakness and poor stamina. An affected horse also could show fever, depression, and anemia.

TheHorse.com will continue to provide updates should more information become available.

 

 
California:

California: Equine Herpes: Alert

CURRENT EHV-1 SITUATION:

Orange County - January 11, 2012:
Animal Health Branch veterinarians are investigating a report of one (1) horse in Orange County confirmed positive for neuropathogenic strain of Equine Herpes Virus-1. Horses on the premises where the affected horse is located are under quarantine with no movement of horses on or off of the property. All horses on the property are being monitored at this time and the investigation is ongoing. An update posting of information will occur on January 12, 2012.

http://www.cdfa.ca.gov/ahfss/animal_health/equine_herpes_virus.html

 

Africanized Bee Swarm Kills Two Horses in California


A California rancher recommends horse owners examine their barns for Africanized honeybee hives after two horses stabled on her Menifee property died subsequent to sustaining hundreds of stings.

The two Tennessee Walking horses were stabled in a barn containing undiscovered Africanized bee hives at Wagon Wheel Ranch. On July 21 a ranch hand discovered the animals swarmed by the bees, said ranch owner Christa Caudle Schaffer. A veterinarian called to the scene treated the animals with epinephrine (a hormone that stimulates the sympathetic nervous system to increase heart rate and dilate air passages) and dexamethasone (a steroid anti-inflammatory, immune suppressant drug). Both horses later died of anaphylactic shock, Schaffer said.

Read more here:  http://www.thehorse.com/ViewArticle.aspx?ID=16755

 

Red Alert!!!!! Equine Flu hits Northern California:

http://www.khsltv.com/content/localnews/story/Equine-Flu-Sickens-And-Kills-Horses-in-Local/L1pihfGC40ShBXJX--lGqQ.cspx

 

 
Delaware:

serious strain of EHV-1 confirmed in Delaware

Posted by: "May S." horses@equihab.com   funchy_crunchy

Thu Dec 11, 2008 11:21 am (PST)

http://www.wboc.com/Global/story.asp?S=9489052&nav=menu222_2
Horse Was Positive for Virus, Quarantine Ordered
12/09/2008 7:43 AM ET
DOVER, Del. (AP) - The Delaware Department of Agriculture has
quarantined a Kent County horse barn where a Standardbred horse tested

positive for equine herpesvirus-1.
Authorities say the horse began showing symptoms Wednesday. Blood and
nasal samples tested positive and the barn was quarantined on
Saturday. The horse was euthanized on Sunday.
The quarantine is in effect for 21 days. Department of Agriculture
spokeswoman Anne Fitzgerald says no other horses have showed symptoms
of the infection.
The department is not identifying the name and location of the farm.
Standardbred horses are bred for harness racing. Officials say the
horse had no record of racing at Dover Downs but may have been in
contact with horses that raced there.

 

 
Florida:

Florida Woman Charged for Failing to Report EIA-Positive Horses


A Florida woman faces a felony charge for failing to inform state agricultural authorities that a horse on her property tested positive for equine infectious anemia (EIA).

EIA is an infectious, potentially fatal viral disease transferred from horse-to-horse by biting insects such as horseflies and deer flies. Infected horses display acute or chronic symptoms including fever, anemia, edema, and general weakness. A Coggins test can detect EIA antibodies in horses' blood.

Authorities from the Florida Office of Agricultural Law Enforcement (OALE) allege that Regina Chesser of Fellsmere, Fla., failed to report that her 28-year-old Quarter Horse, Dolly, tested positive for the EIA virus via a Coggins test. The test was administered by a local veterinary clinic and processed by the state's approved laboratory, said OALE spokesman Major Bob Johnson.

Read more here: http://www.thehorse.com/ViewArticle.aspx?ID=16900

 

EEE: Florida Horse Owners Cautioned about Spike in Cases


Florida horse owners are being urged by Florida Agriculture and Consumer Services Commissioner Charles Bronson to get their animals vaccinated following an upsurge in the number of Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE) cases.

Read more at the below link:

http://www.thehorse.com/ViewArticle.aspx?ID=16589

 

Eastern Equine Encephalitis Case Confirmed in Florida

http://www.thehorse.com/ViewArticle.aspx?ID=16429

 

Calder Race Course under quarantine for EVH-1 equine herpesvirus

Posted by: "cdhanna9703@aol.com" cdhanna9703@aol.com   cdhanna9703

Tue Dec 1, 2009 8:11 pm (PST)
Horse tests positive for EVH-1 at Calder Race Course
Calder Race Course will not allow horses to enter for the next two weeks
after a horse trained by Bill White tested positive for EVH-1 equine
herpesvirus, a communicable disease presenting with fever and respiratory
distress. Three barns have...
To read the rest of this article, please click on the link below:
http://www.examiner.com/x-25445-West-Palm-Beach-Horse-Rescue-Examiner~y2009m12d1-Horse-tests-positive-for-EVH1-at-Calder-Race-Course?cid=email-this-article  
Best regards,
Cheryl Hanna
Fundraising and Publicity
Another Chance 4 Horses, Inc
www.ac4h.com

 

Florida horse euthanized - Confirmed case of Equine Piroplasmosis

Posted by: "Michelle Ives" mmives@comcast.net   shellyct

Mon Aug 18, 2008 4:58 am (PDT)
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: August 15, 2008
DO NOT REPLY TO THIS EMAIL. DIRECT ALL INQUIRIES TO:
Terence McElroy
mailto:mcelrot@doacs.state.fl.us
(850) 488-3022
Mark Fagan
mailto:faganm@doacs.state.fl.us
(954) 410-4119
BRONSON ANNOUNCES DETECTION OF HORSE DISEASE
TALLAHASSEE -- Florida Agriculture and Consumer Services Commissioner Charles H. Bronson today announced that a Manatee County horse has been diagnosed with Equine Piroplasmosis (EP), an animal disease that the United States has been considered free of since 1988. Blood and tissue testing of a 7-year-old gelding that had been euthanized after a three-week illness confirmed the presence of the disease in the animal.
State officials immediately quarantined the premises in which the horse resided, as well as two adjacent properties containing horses pending a determination of their status. An ongoing investigation is being conducted by the State Veterinarian's Office to determine the source of the disease and whether it has spread beyond the immediate area where the infected animal was housed.
EQUINE PIROPLASMOSIS (EP)
Equine Piroplasmosis (EP) is a blood-borne parasitic disease primarily transmitted to horses by ticks or contaminated needles. The disease was eradicated from Florida in the 1980s, and the tick species believed to transmit EP in other countries have not been identified in Florida in many years. This disease is not directly contagious from one horse to another but requires direct blood transfer. Human infection with equine piroplasmosis is extremely rare.
Acutely affected horses can have depression, fever, anemia (decreased red blood cells) jaundiced (yellow) mucous membranes and low platelet counts. EP can also cause horses to have roughened hair coats, constipation, and colic. In its milder form, the disease causes horses to appear weak and show lack of appetite. Some horses become chronic carriers of the disease.
ADVICE TO VETS AND HORSE OWNERS
Veterinarians, horse owners, and others in the equine industry in Florida are asked to monitor their horses carefully and contact their veterinarian if they suspect this disease. Because it is a disease that the United States has been free of for two decades, suspected cases must be reported to the Office of the State Veterinarian by law.
With the exception of the quarantined premises, there are no EP movement restrictions on horses within Florida or between Florida and other states. Horses entering Florida from other countries with Equine Piroplasmosis will continue to be tested prior to and following entry according to the current rule.
WHAT HORSE OWNERS SHOULD DO
-- Monitor your horse for the presence of ticks. Use commercially available topical products labeled for ticks if your horse is in an area where tick infestation is a problem. Most of these products are synthetic pyrethrins. Include an avermectin product in your deworming program to provide systemic treatment for ticks. Ask your veterinarian if you are unsure.
-- If you find large numbers of ticks or suspect piroplasmosis, please contact your veterinarian.
-- Do not share needles between animals during the administration of any medication or vaccinations. EP and other diseases can be spread by the introduction of blood cells from an infected animal into an uninfected animal during routine administration of injectable medications.
-- Continue your normal equine activities.
Additional updates and information will be posted to the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Animal Industry, web site at http://www.doacs.state.fl.us/ai.
-30-
DO NOT REPLY TO THIS EMAIL.
DIRECT ALL INQUIRIES TO:
Terence McElroy
mailto:mcelrot@doacs.state.fl.us
(850) 488-3022
Mark Fagan
mailto:faganm@doacs.state.fl.us
(954) 410-4119

 

Equine piroplasmosis found in Florida
TALLAHASSEE, Fla. — On August 15, 2008, the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS) Commissioner Charles H. Bronson announced that a Manatee County horse had been diagnosed with equine piroplasmosis (EP), a disease that has not been seen in the United States since 1988.
EP is a blood-borne parasitic disease primarily transmitted to horses by ticks or contaminated needles. Affected horses can have depression, fever, anemia, jaundiced mucous membranes and low platelet counts.
Since the August announcement, 25 premises have been quarantined because of exposure to EP. Eleven premises are currently under state quarantine, with approximately 200 horses being tested for EP. Six counties have horses that tested positive for EP: Manatee, De Soto, Polk, Lake, Dade and Orange.
According to the FDACS, no state restrictions have been placed on Florida horses at this time. However, Canada has placed a restriction on Florida horses and will not accept any horse that has been in Florida the past 21 days.
For more information on the EP outbreak, visit www.doacs.state.fl.us.

 

 
Georgia:
EEE: Two Horses Confirmed in Georgia

http://www.thehorse.com/ViewArticle.aspx?ID=16640

 

 
Indiana:
EIA Horses in Indiana:

FW: Urgent message regarding positive Coggins in Indiana

Posted by: "Marge" redmm97@cox.net   redmm97

Fri May 30, 2008 6:11 am (PDT)

Forwarding!!
We have called the BOAH and verified that this is in fact true, the horses
are located in Jackson County, Indiana
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE:
CONTACT: Janelle Thompson, Public Information Specialist, 317/227-0375
Three EIA-Positives Found in Indiana; Horse Owners Advised to Test Animals
Regularly.
INDIANAPOLIS (27 May 2008)-
Horse owners and veterinarians should watch their horses, mules, donkeys and
other equine closely for any unusual
disease symptoms, in light of a cluster of recent positive cases of equine
infectious anemia (EIA).

According to Dr. Tim Bartlett, a veterinarian and director of Equine for the
Indiana State Board of Animal Health, three horses on a south-central
Indiana farm have tested positive for the disease in the last few weeks.
State and federal veterinarians have been working with the owner to identify
the source of infection and determine if any other animals are at
risk. All three positives have been euthanized; two herd mates have tested
negative and remain under quarantine until further testing is complete.
EIA, also known as swamp fever, mountain fever or malarial fever, is an
untreatable and incurable viral disease that infects horses, ponies,
donkeys, mules and other equine. An estimated 30 percent to 50 percent of
infected equine die within two weeks to four weeks of the onset of
EIA.
Depending on an individual horse's immune system and the severity of its
reaction, EIA symptoms can range from virtually none at all (except a
positive blood test) to weakness, weight loss and swelling to fever,
rejection of feed and sudden death. A blood test (often called
Coggins test), conducted by a veterinarian, can detect the infection.
However, equine owners should remember that test results can produce a false
negative up to 42 days after exposure to the disease, before a detectable
level of antibodies develops.
What can horse owners do to prevent EIA? Dr. Bartlett explains the disease
is spread via blood-to-blood transmission, not close proximity or
casual contact. "Blood transfusions, unsterilized or contaminated needles
and medial instruments can transmit the virus," he says. "But horse owners
should be most concerned about biting insects- especially horseflies which
can spread the disease.
"Research shows that as few as three horseflies can carry enough virus from
one animal to another to cause an infection. That's why pest control is
critical to the control of this disease," adds Dr. Bartlett.
He also advises equine owners to minimize the chances of EIA entering their
herds through newly purchased animals. "All equine should be tested for EIA
before being brought onto a farm," Dr. Bartlett says. "Then, the animal
should be isolated and observed for 45 days to 60 days, then retested before
it is introduced to the herd."
State law requires all equine entering Indiana have a health certificate
indicating a negative EIA test within the previous 12 months. Suckling
foals, accompanied by an EIA-negative dam, are exempt from testing.
Once a horse (or other equine) tests positive for the disease, the animal
must be permanently identified with "32A" freeze-branded on the left
side of the neck to comply with state law. Permanent identification is
designed to protect Indiana's healthy equine population, by eliminating
confusion about health status.
The owner then has two options for handling the horse:
1. Permanently quarantine the animal to the owner's premises, at least 200
yards from the nearest equine.
2. Euthanasia (at the owner's expense) after notifying the State
Veterinarian. All other animals in the herd must also be
tested for EIA.
Anyone wanting more information about EIA may contact his/her local
veterinarian. Information about EIA is available online at:
www.boah.in. gov
Please forward to all your equine friends!!
Kathryn Caldwell
Indiana Horse Rescue
(812) 729-7697

 

 
Kentucky:

WNV: Second Kentucky Horse Confirmed, Euthanized

http://www.thehorse.com/ViewArticle.aspx?ID=16934

 

Kentucky Horse Diagnosed with Potomac Horse Fever


Kentucky Department of Agriculture officials have concluded a recent case of Potomac Horse Fever that was diagnosed in a horse at Keeneland's training center on Rice Road was not contracted or introduced to the horse while he was stabled on the grounds.

State veterinary officials were alerted July 30 when a horse that had been stabled at the facility tested positive for the disease, Rusty Ford, equine programs manager in the Office of State Veterinarian Robert Stout, said in a release.

"Our investigation found the horse developed a fever in the days following his arrival at the training facility from an area farm," Ford said. "With the fever not easily resolved the colt was moved to an equine hospital for veterinary care and diagnostics. In consultation with the horse's attending veterinarian and the internist caring for the horse at the hospital, we are confident that there is no evidence that leads us to believe the horse contracted the disease causing agent in the less than five days he was at the training center."

Read more here:  http://www.thehorse.com/ViewArticle.aspx?ID=16773

 

Update:

US authorities seek 250 horses potentially exposed to CEM

January 4, 2009

United States authorities confirm they are seeking at least 250 more horses potentially exposed to contagious equine metritis (CEM).  

The US Department of Agriculture says the horses are located in at least 27 states.  

"Only 12 states have not been involved in the CEM investigation process to date," the department said.  

The first case of the venereal disease was confirmed on December 15, in a quarter horse stallion on a central Kentucky property.  

There are now seven stallions that have tested positive for CEM - four in Kentucky and three in Indiana.  

"The Indiana stallions spent time on the index [original] premises in Kentucky during the 2008 breeding season.  

"There are six other exposed stallions and 22 exposed mares currently located in Kentucky."  

An exposed horse is one that was on the index premises in Kentucky and/or one that was bred to a CEM-positive horse, either naturally or via artificial insemination.  

Outside of Kentucky, the location of 78 exposed horses plus three positive stallions have now been confirmed. The total of 81 horses includes 12 stallions and 69 mares. The 81 horses are located in 27 different states.  

"All CEM-positive horses, and all exposed horses that have been located, are currently under quarantine or hold order."  

Testing and/or treatment protocols are being put in place for all located horses.  

"At least 250 additional horses are actively being traced, with owners of those horses located in at least 27 states," the department says.  

CEM is an inflammation of the endometrium of mares caused by Taylorella equigenitalis. It is a highly contagious venereal disease, which usually results in temporary infertility.  

Its effects of which are restricted to the reproduction tract of the mare. The disease is resident in mares and transmitted by stallions with infection being spread from the stallion/teaser to mare or from mare to stallion/teaser during mating or teasing.  

The bacteria can also be spread via semen collected for artificial insemination.

CEM can be treated with disinfectants and antibiotics.  

CEM-positive mares, and mares from CEM-positive countries, are required to go through a treatment protocol and remain in quarantine for no fewer than 21 days.  

Stallions that have CEM or come from a CEM-positive country are required to remain quarantined until a treatment protocol is completed and they test negative for the disease.

More on CEM  

http://www.horsetalk.co.nz/news/2009/01/015.shtml

Thanks to Monika and Steve Long for passing along this information.

http://texashorsetalk.com/breakingnews.htm

 

 

 

 

FYI: Contagious disease may affect horse transport

Posted by: "May S." mayleen@gmail.com   funchy_crunchy

Thu Dec 18, 2008 12:08 pm (PST)

Contagious Equine Metritis Case Could Impact Horse Transport by: Erin
Ryder, TheHorse.com News Editor
December 16 2008, Article # 13281 [image: Print
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State and federal agriculture officials announced Dec. 16 that a Quarter
Horse stallion standing at stud in Kentucky has tested positive for contagious
equine metritis <http://www.thehorse.com/ViewArticle.aspx?ID=460> (CEM). As
the United States is considered free of the highly contagious venereal
infection (which can cause infertility and abortions, or can exist and
spread subclinically), this raises two major issues: where did it come from,
and will it affect equine transport, either interstate or internationally?
According to Rusty Ford, equine programs manager in the office of Kentucky
State Veterinarian Robert Stout, DVM, the affected stallion is a 16-year-old
Quarter Horse who came to a farm in Kentucky (the identity of which he
cannot legally reveal) in February 2008, after being collected for breeding
via artificial insemination in Texas. Twenty one other stallions, all
Quarter Horses, stood at the Kentucky facility. The CEM causative organism,
*Taylorella equigenitalis*, was discovered when the affected horse was
examined prior to his semen being shipped to the European Union. All but
eight of the stallions had shipped to other farms this summer, following the
conclusion of the 2008 breeding season. One stallion had moved to another
farm within Kentucky and the rest moved out of state.
USDA officials and state veterinarians are working to locate these horses,
as well as 44 mares that were inseminated with semen from these stallions,
for testing. Preliminary information puts the horses' owners in 18 states,
but whether the horses are currently located in those states is one of the
questions officials are working to answer.
In 1978, an outbreak of CEM in Kentucky shut down the Thoroughbred breeding
season, costing the industry an estimated $1 million per day.
Finding CEM-positive horses is not simple; *T.* *equigenitalis *can be
present, undetected and causing no clinical signs, while the animal is
infecting other horses. Kentucky's protocol involves culturing at-risk
stallions (in this case, those that were on the index farm with the affected
horse). Stallions that return negative cultures are then bred to two
different test mares (who themselves are proven free of the organism through
no less than three separate cultures prior to the test breeding). Following
breeding, the test mares must be cultured at specified intervals. Ford
stated that after a mare is covered, it will take a minimum of 35 days
before officials can definitively state the stallion did not transmit the
disease-causing organism to the mare. Ford said Kentucky is in the middle of
culturing the mares to be used in the test breedings, which they anticipate
will start in early January.
As for the affected horse, he's currently in treatment to eliminate *T.
equigenitalis* from his system. Since the bacterium can hide in every nook
and cranny of a stallion's genitalia, this involves both external and
systemic treatment.
An outbreak of CEM in 1978 among Kentucky's Thoroughbred population shut
down the breeding season. The cost to the industry was estimated at $1
million a day.
The potential effects go well beyond the breeding shed and the pocketbook.
As a reportable disease, the CEM case could encumber, or even potentially
halt, interstate and international transport of horses.
"We don't know what the reaction will be--I'm sure there will be some," said
Stout. "It will be reported to OIE (Office International des Epizooties, or
World Organization for Animal Health), and each country will probably react
in its own way. We do know now that some shipments have been contained and
others have been allowed to move."
According to Ford, a shipment of horses destined for Brazil had to remain
grounded on Sunday--Brazil and Argentina both have regulations specifying
that horses coming into the country had to originate from a country "free of
contagious equine metritis." Ford said that USDA officials were in talks to
change these requirements to specify horses from CEM-free *premises* so that
exportation could resume. While not yet official, it is thought that
Argentina is going to allow the premises rule.
The Kentucky Department of Agriculture has been in communication with other
state veterinarians. At this time, no states have placed restrictions on
Kentucky horses.
Ford said that since the primary route of transmission of the organism is
venereal, and there's been limited opportunity for transmission as these
stallions did not perform live covers, he does not expect to see major
restrictions as a result of the case.
"Our opinion is that at this time--based on the epidmemiological information
gathered thus far, we don't recognize a need that would require other states
or our trading partners to impose significant movement restrictions," Ford
said. "This is supported by the fact that we have an identified population
of horses we consider to be 'at risk' of having the opportunity of exposure,
we have quarantined those animals, and are currently conducting diagnostic
test to better define their individual disease status.
"And perhaps of as much importance in the decision-making process of these
other entities is the fact that we have historically managed disease
incidences effectively here in Kentucky, to protect not only our populations
in Kentucky, but throughout the world. We will not risk jeopardizing those
other populations, if there is a need--we, as we have in this
incidence--identify and control the animals at risk of transmitting the
disease until such time as we are satisfied the risk has been eliminated."
"The nation's industries as a whole have expressed concern over this,
because this is an organism that is not known to exist in this country, and
our objective is to find, or determine as best we can, how this animal
became infected."
--Rusty Ford
Kentucky's Commissioner of Agriculture, Richie Farmer, and Gov. Steve
Beshear have discussed the issue and its potential ramifications for the
state's signature industry. According to Ford, "Both have expressed
confidence in our abilities and have committed that we'll make every effort
needed to minimize the impact this will have on Kentucky's and the state's
industries."
As testing begins and authorities work to iron out regulation wrinkles, one
major question remains: where did this come from? Other than two isolated
Lipizzaner stallions in Wisconsin in October 2006, the United States hasn't
reported CEM since 1997.
To investigators' knowledge thus far, the affected horse was not imported,
nor were any of the other horses on the farm.
"The nation's industries as a whole have expressed concern over this,
because this is an organism that is not known to exist in this country, and
our objective is to find, or determine as best we can, how this animal
became infected," Ford said.
Keep an eye on TheHorse.com for updates as this situation continues to
develop.
- The Kentucky Department of Agriculture also offers information on their
control measures on the State Veterinarian's site,
kyagr.com/statevet/equine<http://www.kyagr.com/statevet/equine/index.htm>.
- Information from the USDA can be located at
aphis.usda.gov/animal_health<http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/animal_dis_spec/horses/>.
- The chapter on CEM from the OIE *Terrestrial Manual *2008 can be
downloaded as a PDF file from
oie.int/eng<http://www.oie.int/eng/normes/mmanual/2008/pdf/2.05.02_CEM.pdf>.
Article from:
http://www.thehorse.com/ViewArticle.aspx?ID=13281

 

 
Louisiana:

Rabies: Louisiana Mare Euthanized

Louisiana officials have confirmed that a horse was euthanized after coming into the Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medice in Baton Rouge with clinical signs of rabies on June 28. The 6-year-old Thoroughbred mare was exhibiting abnormal facial twitching symptoms when she was brought in from Jefferson Davis Parish.

The neurologic symptoms worsened and the horse was euthanized, and a subsequent necropsy verified rabies.

Read more here: http://www.thehorse.com/ViewArticle.aspx?ID=16608

 

Title EEE Confirmed in Rapides Parish
Release Date 6/24/2009
Following the first confirmed case of Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) and resulting equine death this year, Agriculture and Forestry Commissioner Mike Strain, D.V.M., is reminding horse owners to vaccinate their horses.

Strain said Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory in Baton Rouge identified EEE as the cause of death from blood samples drawn from the horse. The horse was stabled in Rapides Parish.

“Since there is no cure for Eastern equine encephalitis, I urge horse owners to vaccinate their animals,” Strain said. “This is a very preventable disease, but often horse owners wait until it’s too late.

“Only rarely do horses recover from Eastern equine encephalitis,” Strain said. “Even when an animal doesn’t die, it is almost always brain damaged and is never usable again.”
Strain stressed the significance of reporting and testing suspected horses.
“This is a public health concern and we are asking all horse owners to make sure their animals have up-to-date vaccinations and to consult a veterinarian if their horses are displaying any symptoms.

“It’s crucial because that information is passed quickly on to other health officials,” he said. “With the public health concern over Eastern equine encephalitis and other mosquito-borne illnesses, our animal health officials are an important link to the state and nationwide reporting systems.”

State Veterinarian Henry Moreau said Eastern equine encephalitis has a mortality rate of 90 percent. The disease causes encephalitis, or swelling of the brain, in both horses and humans. Humans and horses contract the disease from a mosquito that has bitten an infected bird.

Infected horses become depressed and uncoordinated, develop a sleepy appearance, walk in circles and eventually collapse to the ground.

Horses that have not been vaccinated should have two doses administered about two weeks apart. Once the initial vaccination has been given, an annual booster is sufficient to maintain immunity.

Owners with horses displaying any of these symptoms should contact their local veterinarian. Any suspected equine neuro-encephalitis case should be reported upon suspicion of disease symptoms even if blood is not drawn.

The Department of Agriculture and Forestry is working with local veterinarians, horse owner groups, health officials and local mosquito abatement programs to monitor the spread of the disease.

http://www.ldaf.louisiana.gov/portal/News/PressReleaseCurrent/tabid/92/itemid/1324/Default.aspx

 

 
Maryland:

Md: rabid calf at education center

Posted by: "May S." mayleen@gmail.com   funchy_crunchy

Sun Jan 17, 2010 8:32 pm (PST)
FYI:
http://www.baltimoresun.com/health/bal-rabid-calf0117,0,1447355.story
UPPER MARLBORO - Prince George's County health officials say they are
looking for anyone who may have come in contact with a calf at an
educational center that has tested positive for rabies.
The calf is kept at the Hard Bargain Farm Environmental Center, which runs
educational programs for elementary and middle school students. County
officials say students and visitors who may have been exposed since Dec. 21
should call 240-508-5774.
Katherine Feldman, a veterinarian for the state health department, says
rabies is spread through the saliva of infected animals and anyone who was
exposed may need treatment. Feldman says rabies is a deadly disease caused
by a virus that attacks the nervous system.
<http://www.baltimoresun.com/health/bal-rabid-calf0117,0,1447355.story>
--
May Snyder
The Equihab Foundation
(443) 466 - 4087
111 S Main Street, North East, MD 21901
For more information & regular updates, visit: http://www.equihab.com

 

Fw: MDA NEWS:Laurel Park Horse Tests Positive for EquineHerpesvirus

Posted by: "May S." horses@equihab.com   funchy_crunchy

Sat Nov 15, 2008 8:05 pm (PST)

Date: 11/13/2008 03:01PM
Subject: MDA NEWS:Laurel Park Horse Tests Positive for EquineHerpesvirus
More Info: Permission to crosspost to other horse owners.
A news release from the Maryland Department of Agriculture
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
CONTACT: Sue duPont, 410-841-5889 or Julie Oberg, 410-841-5888
Laurel Park Horse Tests Positive for Equine Herpesvirus
ANNAPOLIS, MD (November 13, 2008) – The Maryland Department of
Agriculture (MDA) confirmed today that a two-year old filly at Laurel
Park in Barn 1 has tested presumptive positive for equine herpesvirus
(EHV-1), pending confirmatory testing from the University of Kentucky.
The horse, who could not stand yesterday morning, was sitting up and
eating this morning with no fever.
"We are working cooperatively with all involved parties using the most
up-to-date science and best practices to manage this situation and are
doing comprehensive tests to determine the nature of this outbreak,"
said Maryland State Veterinarian Dr. Guy Hohenhaus. "In the meantime, we
urge everyone's diligence in co ntinuing strong preventive measures such
as keeping new horses separate from your general barn population for at
least one week, disinfecting and keeping vaccinations up to date."
A Hold Order has been placed on Barn 1 at the central Maryland track,
restricting all movement into and out of the barn, pending further
testing. None of the other 29 horses are showing neurologic signs. MDA
took blood samples and nasal swabs on selected horses in barn this
morning. Preliminary test results should be available by Friday
afternoon.
Equine herpesvirus causes upper respiratory infection and can lead to
severe neurological disease. There is currently no known method to
reliably prevent the neurologic form of EHV-1 infection. It is
recommended to maintain appropriate vaccination procedures in an attempt
to reduce the incidence of the respiratory form of EHV-1 infection,
which may help prevent the neurologic form. Transmission occurs
primarily by direct nose to nose contact or contaminated hands,
equipment, feed and water. It can also be spread up to 35 feet by
airborn droplets. This virus is not associated with any human health
risk.
Regular updates regarding this investigation will be available on MDA's
website www.mda.state.md.us <http://www.mda.state.md.us/> .

 

 
Massachusetts:

Third horse dies from EEE

Posted by: "Judith Vanderkay" jvanderkay@gmail.com   jvanderkay

Fri Aug 20, 2010 5:10 pm (PDT)
Please vaccinate your horses! It only takes one infected mosquito to kill your horse – and that is a lot worse than paying the vet for a shot or two. Don’t take chances!
<http://www.boston.com/news/local/breaking_news/2010/08/third_massachus.html> Third Massachusetts horse dies from EEE
By Stephen Smith, Globe Staff
A Worcester County horse infected with eastern equine encephalitis died from the disease last week, the third horse in the state to succumb to the mosquito-borne illness this summer, public health authorities said today.
The 3-year-old horse from Lancaster developed symptoms Aug. 12 and died the next day, the state Department of Public Health said. A week earlier, a horse in the Worcester County town of Warren fell ill with eastern equine encephalitis and was euthanized. Previously, a horse in Middleborough perished from the viral condition.
"Historically, Worcester County has been an area of low, but not zero, risk for EEE," Dr. Alfred DeMaria, the state epidemiologist, said in a statement. "What this emphasizes is the need for people to take precautions against mosquitoes no matter were they live in Massachusetts."
The infections of horses has inflamed concerns about the spread of the disease to people. So far, only one human case has been reported: A Rhode Island man in his 20s who had been golfing in Southeastern Massachusetts, a long-recognized hotspot for EEE activity, was diagnosed with the illness last weekend. Disease trackers said the timing of his symptoms -- and the lack of EEE in Rhode Island -- strongly suggested he was exposed in Massachusetts. There was no information immediately available today on the condition of the man, who earlier in the week was in critical condition at a Rhode Island hospital.
To avoid being bitten by mosquitoes, specialists recommend staying inside from dusk to dawn, peak mosquito-biting time. If outdoor activity is necessary at night, wear long sleeves, long pants, and socks. Bug repellants such as DEET, permethrin, picaridin, and oil of lemon eucalyptus can also provide protection. DEET should not be used on infants younger than 2 months and should be used in concentrations of 30 percent or less on older children. Oil of lemon eucalyptus should not be used on children younger than 3 years.
Homeowners can take measures that reduce mosquitoes' breeding grounds, including draining flower pots, wading pools, and gutters.
See:
http://www.boston.com/news/local/breaking_news/2010/08/third_massachus.html?p1=Local_Links

 

EEE Claims Massachusetts Colt


The Massachusetts Department of Public Health (DPH) this week reported a 7-month old horse from Middleborough was diagnosed with Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE). Infection was confirmed by the William Hinton State Laboratory Institute on July 23. The colt developed clinical signs on July 20, his condition deteriorated very rapidly, and he was euthanized on July 21.

Read more here:  http://www.thehorse.com/ViewArticle.aspx?ID=16717

 

 
Montana:

Two Montana horses test positive for eia:

http://www.thehorse.com/ViewArticle.aspx?ID=16356

 

 
New Jersey:

The Horse | EHV-1 Outbreak: Second New Jersey Farm Quarantined

Posted by: "Marge" redmm97@cox.net   redmm97

Tue Apr 19, 2011 2:32 pm (PDT)
http://www.thehorse.com/ViewArticle.aspx?ID=18118

 

EEE: New Jersey Reports First Case

http://www.thehorse.com/ViewArticle.aspx?ID=17145

 

http://forums.delphiforums.com/alexbrown/messages?msg=46730.1

NEW JERSEY - EVH1 Concerns

(Note from Brandi:  I am not going to post the full info here (there is a lot of it!), please go take a look at the info.  At this time according to the info there are 4 confirmed cases of EVH1.)

 

 
New York:

stangles alert/Albany

Posted by: "Marge" redmm97@cox.net   redmm97

Mon Apr 11, 2011 12:49 pm (PDT)

--
From: ECL25@cornell.edu
Reply-to: ectra@yahoogroups.com
To: ectra@yahoogroups.com
Sent: 4/5/2011 3:51:53 P.M. Eastern Daylight Time
Subj: [ectra] Re: stangles
Hi guys,
I'm sure that there are many shades of opinions among the health professionals, so I don't want to get into the situation of contradicting one vet or another. I'll offer some information I've found, and then say, of course use your own judgement, including consideration of veterinary advice!
There is strangles active in the Albany county NY area. Cathy, Heather and I use Oakencroft too, and it was Amy Serk who warned us about it last week. This vet practice doesn't usually recommend strangles vaccine as part of the spring preventative regime - but they are this year because of its presence in the local area. So, those of you in other areas may not get the same advice from your vets. Refer to paragraph one above!
My understanding has always been that strangles was highly contagious and could be spread by contact with "third parties" such as water buckets etc, although direct horse-horse contagion such as in an enclosed barn is still the most common. The organism that causes strangles is sensitive to light and requires moisture to survive, so it is not likely to travel far unless preserved in a dark, moist location. I found the following information in a newsletter from Sarah Ralston DVM at Rutgers:
"Strangles is a highly contagious disease caused by the bacterium Streptococcus equi. Found throughout the world, strangles is considered to be an obligate parasite of equine and now known to survive mostly in moist or wet environments. Transmission of the bacteria from horse to horse usually involves direct face-to-face contact or exposure of horses to contaminated feed, water, hands, veterinary instruments, grooming tools and twitches. The disease can also be acquired from exposure to a contaminated environment as long as the organism remains viable. However, a dry environment quickly kills the bacteria."
One interesting fact I learned recently is that an animal infected with strangles will run a fever for 1-2 days BEFORE they start shedding infectious organisms in their nasal discharge or show other symptoms. So one way to reduce the risk of exposure is to make sure that barns and events monitor rectal temperatures, and rapidly quarantine any animals with elelevated temperatures.
Just got a message that the Cornell Vet hospital has had two cases of equine herpes, so they are now under quarantine as well as a couple of other sites. Ug! Hope everyone stays healthy out there!
Elaine

 

NY Confirms First Equine Case of Eastern Equine Encephalitis

By WBNG News

August 27, 2010

Albany, NY (WBNG Binghamton) New York State Agriculture Commissioner Patrick Hooker today announced the State's first confirmed equine case of Eastern Equine Encephalitis, also known as EEE, this year.

The affected horse was a two-year old gelding kept in Oswego County. EEE is a rare viral disease of horses and humans that is spread by infected mosquitoes.

Read more here: https://mail.google.com/mail/?ui=2&view=bsp&ver=ohhl4rw8mbn4

 

Potomac Horse Fever Cases Reported in New York; Vets Encourage Vaccination


Officials have confirmed the number of Potomac Horse fever (PHF) cases in northern New York has been higher than usual in recent weeks, encouraging owners to vaccinate but noting that a rise in cases is relatively common this time of year.
An article printed in the Aug. 14 edition of the Watertown Daily Times reported there is an "outbreak" of the "life-threatening gastrointestinal disease" Potomac horse fever.
Potomac horse fever (PHF), or equine monocytic ehrlichiosis, is caused by the bacterium Neorickettsia risticii. Clinical signs include fever, mild to severe diarrhea (although some cases have no evidence of diarrhea), laminitis, mild colic, and decreased abdominal sounds. In rare instances affected pregnant mares abort. The disease is treatable if caught in the early stages, but it can be fatal. N. risticii has been has been linked to parasites of freshwater snails that also infect the larvae of mayflies and caddis flies in fresh water. When the infected fly larvae mature into infected adult flies, they can be ingested by horses inadvertently.

Read more here:  http://www.thehorse.com/ViewArticle.aspx?ID=16864

 

Important equine disease notice.

Posted by: "Beth (:" fatoldfarmwife@verizon.net   bethofneer

Fri Jan 23, 2009 5:38 pm (PST)

Members,
Please note this important equine disease notice.
New York Farm Bureau
159 Wolf Road, PO Box 5330
Albany, NY 12205-0330
518-436-8495 / 800-342-4143
www.nyfb.org
COMMISSIONER ALERTS HORSE OWNERS OF CONTAGIOUS HORSE DISEASE
Nine New York Horses Potentially Exposed to Contagious Equine Metritis
New York State Agriculture Commissioner Patrick Hooker today alerted horse
owners and breeders to the potential exposure of their horses to Contagious
Equine Metritis (CEM), a contagious venereal disease of horses. Currently,
there are nine known stallions outside of New York State that have tested
positive for CEM and that have potentially exposed hundreds of other horses,
including nine mares in New York State.
Contagious Equine Metritis can be spread when horses are bred, or
congenitally from mares to their foals. While natural breeding is more
likely to spread the infection, horses involved in artificial breeding can
also be exposed to CEM. Infected stallions seldom, if ever, show outward
signs of infection, but may act as carriers of the disease.
To date, there are nine mares in New York and approximately 300 other
potentially exposed horses in 37 other states. As potentially exposed
horses are identified, they are placed under strict restrictions by state
and federal animal health authorities, pending three consecutive negative
test results. The New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets and
USDA veterinarians have quarantined the nine exposed mares in New York State
and have begun testing. None of the potentially exposed mares in New York
State or other states have tested positive for CEM at this time.
There are nine stallions that have tested positive for CEM. Used for
breeding purposes, these stallions are suspect for possibly exposing mares
to CEM. Following are the names of the known stallions that have tested
positive for CEM:
§ Gentlemen Send Roses, a Paint Horse from Indiana
§ Hot Lopin Sensation, a Quarter Horse from Kentucky
§ Indian Artifacts, a Quarter Horse from Kentucky
§ Invited Back, a Paint Horse from Indiana
§ Nanning 374, a Friesian from Wisconsin
§ Potential Asset, a Quarter Horse from Texas
§ Potential Investment, a Quarter Horse from Kentucky
§ Repeated in Red, a Quarter Horse from Kentucky
§ Zips Heaven Sent, a Paint Horse from Indiana
CEM may render mares infertile or may cause horses to spontaneously abort,
however the disease can be treated with antibiotics and disinfectants.
There is no evidence that CEM affects people.
New York farms owning mares, which have been bred to or have come into
contact with any of the positive stallions, and who has not yet been
contacted by state or federal animal health officials should contact the New
York State Department of Agriculture and Markets´ Division of Animal
Industry at 518-457-3502.
For more information and regular updates on Contagious Equine Metritis,
visit http://www.aphis.usda.gov/newsroom/hot_issues/cem/index.shtml
    
Beth...
www.newenglandequinerescues.com
http://pets.groups.yahoo.com/group/NewEnglandEquineRescues/

 

 
North Carolina:

(Note from Brandi:  This is a forward from facebook.)

Emailed to me from my NC vet. FYI...
We at Large Animal Veterinary Services wanted to pass along this information as it was fowarded to us from the state veterinary office. It is very important for all of us to manage this outbreak carefully, however we do not need to be alarmed at this point. Please call with any questions and recommendations for vaccination. The office number is 919-554-1176 or e-mail largeanimal@embarqmail.com.
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
THURSDAY, JAN. 5, 2012
CONTACT:Dr. Tom Ray, director of Livestock Health Programs
NCDA&CS Veterinary Division
919-733-7601
Virus affecting horses found at N.C. stable
Virus is contagious between horses, but does not affect humans
RALEIGH - The neurologic form of equine herpes virus, EHV-1, has been confirmed in a North Carolina horse. The horse, from a Rockingham County stable, was taken to the College of Veterinary Medicine at N.C. State University upon becoming ill, and directly quarantined to the equine isolation unit of the hospital.
"We have been fortunate that we've not seen this particular form of this common virus in North Carolina to date, even though it has been increasing in frequency throughout the country for almost a decade now," said State Veterinarian David Marshall. "We are working with the College of Veterinary Medicine and with the stable to implement biosecurity measures and minimize the risk of further spread."
EHV-1 is highly contagious among horses, but poses no threat to humans. It most often causes respiratory infections in young horses, but different strains can also pose neurologic problems, which the affected N.C. horse exhibited. The virus also can cause abortion in pregnant horses or neonatal death. Vaccines are available that protect horses from most forms of EHV-1, but not from the strains that cause neurologic problems.
Biosecurity measures to protect horses include quarantining facilities that are suspected to house EHV-1-exposed horses. Water and feed buckets should be disinfected and not shared. Stalls and trailers should also be cleaned and disinfected regularly to prevent the spread of disease. New additions or those returning from shows and exhibitions should be isolated for 3 weeks prior to comingling with other horses upon returning home. Horse owners should also talk with their veterinarian to determine a vaccine schedule.
http://www.cvm.ncsu.edu/news/2012-01-05-Equine-Herpesvirus-Case-Being-Treated-At-NC-State-College-of-Veterinary-Medicine.html

 

Equine Piroplasmosis Confirmed in North Carolina

http://www.thehorse.com/ViewArticle.aspx?ID=16835

 

 
Ohio:

EEE: Two Ohio Horses Dead, First Ohio Case in 19 Years

http://www.thehorse.com/ViewArticle.aspx?ID=16969

 

 
Pennsylvania:

Fwd: CONTAGIOUS EQUINE METRITIS (CEM) - December 2008

Posted by: "Joyce Pedrotti" VIPRanchTX@aol.com   jlpedrottitexas

Tue Dec 30, 2008 10:04 am (PST)

FYI
> Sent: Tuesday, December 23, 2008 11:10 AM
> Subject: CONTAGIOUS EQUINE METRITIS (CEM) - December 2008
> Animal Health Emergency Management and Information Network
> Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture
> Bureau of Animal Health and Diagnostic Services
> Craig Shultz, DVM, Director
> c-animalem@state.pa.us
> Telephone No: 717-772-2852 Fax No: 717-787-1868
> ************************************************************************************************
> Greetings Concerned Horse Enthusiasts,
> In December 2008, a Quarterhorse was routinely tested for export
> purposes for Contagious Equine Metritis (CEM). This Quarterhorse was
> positive to the bacterial infection which was not known to exist in
> the United States. To date three stallions are confirmed positive
> with another that is suspect from the same premise DeGraff Stables
> in Midway, Kentucky. The confirmed positive stallions names are
> 'Potential Investment' a 16 year old Quarterhorse, 'Hot Lopin
> Sensation' a 4 year old registered in the American Paint Horse
> Association, and 'Indian Artifacts' a 13 year old Quarterhorse. The
> suspect horse is 'Repeated In Red', a 5 year old Quarterhorse.
> Please contact your regional veterinarian if you are concerned that
> your mare may have been bred to one of these stallions so that PDA
> can assist you in testing your mare for Contagious Equine Metritis
> and begin treatment if necessary.
> Pennsylvania Counties Regional Contact Information
> Clarion, Crawford, Elk, Erie, Forest, Jefferson, McKean, Mercer,
> Venango and Warren Dr. Karen Martin
> 814-332-6890
> Cameron, Clinton, Columbia, Lycoming, Northumberland, Montour,
> Potter, Snyder, Tioga and Union Dr. Amy Nesselrodt
> 570-433-2640
> Bradford, Carbon, Lackawanna, Luzerne, Monroe, Pike, Sullivan,
> Susquehanna, Wayne and Wyoming Dr. Pat McQuiston
> 570-836-2181
> Allegheny, Armstrong, Beaver, Butler, Fayette, Greene, Indiana,
> Lawrence, Washington and Westmoreland Dr. Michael Tulley
> 724-443-1585
> Bedford, Blair, Cambria, Centre, Clearfield, Fulton, Huntingdon,
> Juniata, Mifflin and Somerset Dr. Elizabeth Santini
> 814-946-7315
> Adams, Cumberland, Dauphin, Franklin, Lebanon, Lancaster, Perry and
> York Dr. John Roberts
> 717-346-3223
> Berks, Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Lehigh, Montgomery, Northampton,
> Philadelphia and Schuylkill Dr. Aliza Simeone
> 610-489-1003
> DISCLAIMER: This notification does not constitute a press release
> from the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture. The content is
> intended for the informational purposes of those involved in the
> animal health community in the Commonwealth.

 

confirmed EEE in PA - please vaccinate

Posted by: "May S." horses@equihab.com   funchy_crunchy

Fri Nov 7, 2008 8:24 am (PST)

This just was just forwarded to me. EEE is a disease that can be
prevented by vaccination. Please keep your horse's vaccinations
current.
---------------------------------------------------------\
Animal Health Emergency Management and Information Network
Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture
Bureau of Animal Health and Diagnostic Services
Craig Shultz, DVM, Director
c-animalem@state.pa.us <mailto:c-animalem@state.pa.us>
Telephone No: 717-772-2852 Fax No: 717-787-1868
***************************************************************
Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis (EEE, "Sleeping Sickness")
Case Reported in Pennsylvania
A diagnosis of EEE was recently made in a horse from Warren County.
The horse, reported as a "juvenile" percheron filly, had a
36-hour history of progressive depression an fever. She was ataxic and
became recumbent prior to euthanasia on September 9, 2008. Laboratory
testing at the Pennsylvania Veterinary Laboratory diagnosed EEE by PCR
testing. The horse was negative for rabies and West Nile Virus.
The EEE virus is transmitted to horses and humans through the bite of
an infected mosquito. The main transmission cycle is between birds and
mosquitoes. Although many species of mosquitoes can become infected
with EEE, the most important mosquito species in maintaining the
bird-mosquito transmission cycle is Culiseta melanura. Other mosquito
species, acting as "bridges" between infected birds and
susceptible mammals, include Aedes and Culex species. Horses are
considered to be dead end hosts. The incubation period is reported as
3 to 10 days.
Annual vaccination against EEE in horses is recommended and horse
owners are encouraged to discuss vaccination with their veterinarians.
In response to this case in Pennsylvania, mosquito surveillance in
the area will be increased in early 2009.
DISCLAIMER: This notification does not constitute a press release from
the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture. The content is intended
for the informational purposes of those involved in the animal health
community in the Commonwealth.

 

 
Texas:

The Horse | Texas Horse Dies of Rabies, Human Exposure Possible

Posted by: "Marge" redmm97@cox.net   redmm97

Tue Apr 12, 2011 1:56 pm (PDT)
http://www.thehorse.com/ViewArticle.aspx?ID=18084

“During the time the horse was unknowingly infected with rabies, he competed in two cutting competitions in Texas:

-March 19-21, American Southwest Texas Cutting Horse Association show, Belton

-March 25-27, Lufkin Cutting Horse Association show, Lufkin

The press release indicates that roughly 150 people from Texas, Indiana, Iowa, Louisiana, and Mississippi attended the shows, and DSHS is attempting to contact show attendees about possible exposure, although they believe the risk of exposure to be low.”

 

Piroplasmosis: Texas Outbreak Reaches 409


As of Oct. 8, 2010, more than 2,300 horses associated with the Kleberg County, Texas, piroplasmosis outbreak have been tested for the disease, and an astounding 409 have turned up positive--only one more since the previous report from the USDA to the World Organization for Animal Health on Aug. 25, 2010.

Read more here:  http://www.thehorse.com/ViewArticle.aspx?ID=17132

 

Fw: [equineveterinarymedicine] FW: Two Texas Horses Test Positive fo

Posted by: "Horse Helping" horsehelping@gmail.com   eaglewhowatches

Sat Oct 11, 2008 1:57 pm (PDT)

This was just sent to me & I was asked to forward it, so ..........here ya go :)
Alli :)
--- On Sat, 11/10/08, Ryle Dittmar <Ryle@eastex.net> wrote:
From: Ryle Dittmar <Ryle@eastex.net>
Subject: [equineveterinarymedicine] FW: Two Texas Horses Test Positive for EEE
To: equineveterinarymedicine@yahoogroups.com
Date: Saturday, 11 October, 2008, 6:08 AM
-----Original Message-----
From: Carla Everett [mailto:carla. everett@tahc. state.tx. us]
Sent: Friday, October 10, 2008 9:42 PM
To: ceverett@tahc. state.tx. us
Subject: Two Texas Horses Test Positive for EEE
News Release
Texas Animal Health Commission
Box l2966 * Austin, Texas 78711 * (800) 550-8242 * FAX (512) 719-0719
Bob Hillman, DVM * Executive Director
For info, contact Carla Everett, information officer, at 1-800-550-8242, ext. 710, or ceverett@tahc. state.tx. us
October 10, 2008
Two Texas Horses Test Positive for EEE;
Horses Need Protection Against Mosquito-Borne Diseases
Texas has joined at least five other states this year in reporting cases of Eastern Equine Encephalitis infection in horses. In Houston County, in the southeast corner of the state, a horse with clinical illness has tested positive for the disease, and in the north central Texas, in Denton County, a vaccinated horse also tested positive and exhibited clinical signs of disease. EEE, which can be transmitted to humans by infected mosquitoes, also has been reported this year in horses in Georgia, Florida, Maine, Tennessee, and New Hampshire­and in Ontario, Canada.
“Infected horses are a ‘sentinel’ or warning that infected mosquitoes are in the area, and measures should be taken to protect humans against exposure to the dangerous pests,” said Dr. Andy Schwartz, state epidemiologist for the Texas Animal Health Commission (TAHC), the state’s livestock and poultry health regulatory agency. “Protect yourself and your horses with a mosquito spray containing DEET, get rid of stagnant water, and avoid being outside at night, when mosquitoes are more active.”
“Horses with mosquito-borne encephalitic viruses, such as EEE, Western Equine Encephalitis (WEE) or West Nile Virus (WNV), may stagger, appear confused, and act erratically. Owners should contact their veterinarian immediately, if their equine animals exhibit clinical signs of these diseases. About half of infected animals may be saved, with the appropriate supportive care,” said Dr. Schwartz. Although EEE, WEE and WNV are not regulatory diseases, they are reportable to the TAHC and to the Texas Department of State Health Services, due to their potential to cause human disease.
“Vaccines are readily available to protect equine animals against mosquito-borne encephalitic diseases, but they must be given according to the manufacturer’ s" directions, and it takes at least a week to 10 days after vaccination for protective antibodies to develop. Booster shots also must be given as needed. Heed your veterinarian’ s advice,” he said. “As good as vaccines are at protecting against infection, there are rare times when a vaccinated animal will still contract disease. That is no reason to avoid vaccinating your animals.”
Dr. Schwartz noted that, in 2002, when West Nile Virus was first detected in Texas, 1,699 equine animals were stricken with infection. West Nile vaccine has helped cut those case numbers from 716 in 2003 to only two cases in 2008. “Vaccinating against mosquito-borne diseases has to be a part of routine equine health care,” he said. “Don’t stop, just because case numbers drop.”

 

 
Vermont:

For Immediate Release: September 22, 2011
Media Contact: Communication Office
Vermont Department of Health
802-863-7281
Eastern Equine Encephalitis Detected in Vermont Bird
BURLINGTON – The Vermont Department of Health and the Vermont Agency of Agriculture, Food and Markets announced today that Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) was confirmed on September 22 in an emu from Brandon.
For more information on EEE, visit the Vermont Department of Health website at healthvermont.gov.
Follow us on Twitter and join us on Facebook for up-to-date news and information.
For additional information on mosquitoes visit the Vermont Agency of Agriculture website: http://www.vermontagriculture.com/ARMES/plantindustry/entomology/mosquito/index.html
Fight the Bite!
Wear long sleeves and pants and avoid outdoor activities at dusk and dawn when mosquitoes are active.
Reduce mosquito breeding habitats by getting rid of standing water, and by draining areas where water can pool such as rain gutters, wading pools, and old tires.
Use insect repellents that are safe and effective against mosquitoes. Products with a registration number from the Environmental Protection Agency on the label have been evaluated for safety and effectiveness. Repellents containing DEET in concentrations up to 30 percent picaridin, oil of lemon eucalyptus, or IR3535 can be used to prevent mosquito bites.

Install or repair screens on windows and doors to keep mosquitoes out.

 

Rabies Confirmed in Raccoon in Weathersfield, VT

Posted by: "rescueahorse@comcast.net" rescueahorse@comcast.net   mlesty

Thu Apr 8, 2010 9:08 pm (PDT)
PRESS RELEASE
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
April 8, 2010
Contact Person:
Jim Mullen, Health Officer
Lynn Esty, Deputy Health Officer
802-674-2626
RABIES CONFIRMED
Weathersfield Health Officer, Jim Mullen, received information from Dr. Robert Johnson of the Vermont Department of Health, on Thursday, April 8, that a raccoon in Weathersfield, Vermont has tested positive for rabies .
The incident occurred on Little Canada Road in Weathersfield. The raccoon tangled with a homeowner’s dog, and the raccoon was killed by the owner. Testing was conducted by the Vermont Department of Health which confirmed that the raccoon was rabid . The dog was reported to be current on its vaccinations, but was given a booster shot as a precaution.
Residents should use caution in approaching animals, especially domestic animals not known to them, or wild animals. ALL pets should be vaccinated against rabies, including cats. Yards should not be made inviting to wild animals and pet food dishes not left outside. Pets should be fed inside and be kept in at night to avoid mixing with possible rabid animals. Trash can lids need to be tightly closed and trash left for curb-side pickup should be in animal proof containers.
The Vermont Rabies Hotline is 1-800-4-Rabies (1-800-472-2437)
For more information online, please visit: http://healthvermont.gov/prevent/rabies/Rabies.aspx
For more information for children online, please visit: http://www.cdc.gov/rabiesandkids/
Jim Mullen
Weathersfield Town Manager
PO Box 550, Ascutney, VT 05030
(office) 802.674.2626; (cell) 802.230.6262

 

 
Other Horse Health Related Information:

Diet Can Reduce Enterolith Risk, Review Finds

Posted by: "Marge" redmm97@cox.net   redmm97

Tue Oct 27, 2009 8:55 am (PDT)
Colic: Diet Can Reduce Enterolith Risk, Review Finds
by: Marie Rosenthal
September 14 2009, Article # 14907
If your horse is at risk for intestinal stones or enteroliths, consider replacing an alfalfa-based diet with grass hay, said Diana M. Hassel, DVM, PhD, of Colorado State University.
Hassel and colleagues evaluated two equine diets and water supplies to see their effect on minerals and the pH of the gut. The gastrointestinal tracts of horses with stones tend to be more alkaline and have higher mineral content. Half of the study horses had undergone surgery in the past to remove intestinal stones, and the other half had no history of stones.
An enterolith before and after surgical removal at Washington State University. This particular one weighed 3.6 kg and measured 20 cm around. The horse survived and recovered well.
"We found that horses fed alfalfa had a higher pH (more alkaline) in their gut than those fed grass hay," she said.
Another factor in stone formation appears to be stall confinement versus pasture turnout.
"Horses that are routinely turned out to pasture are at lower risk for enterolithiasis," she noted. "There is also a strong breed predilection for the Arabian and Morgan horse breeds, and a slight predilection in American Miniatures, but it can occur in any breed."
Intestinal stones are more prevalent in certain areas of the country, most notably Texas, Florida, and California. In California, intestinal stones represent up to 25% of the surgical colic caseload. But the overall prevalence of the condition seems to have decreased somewhat over the last two decades.
Because water contains minerals, it stands to reason that it could affect stone formation, however, Hassel did not see a difference when horses were given filtered vs. non-filtered water.
"We were not able to detect many changes within the colon in response to softened/filtered water in this study, but the role of phosphorus was not investigated, so the potential exists that water filtration may also impact enterolith formation," Hassel noted.
The study, "Influence of diet and water supply on mineral content and pH within the large intestine of horses with enterolithiasis," is scheduled to be published in the October 2009 issue of The Veterinary Journal. The abstract is available on PubMed.

 

 
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